Societal Cohesion and Coexistence in the Axis of Spatial Dynamics: A Study on Syrians in Altındağ, Ankara

An important controversial point in disputes over rural married-out women's land contractual management rights is the identification standard for "married-out women acquiring contracted land in their new place of residence". Among the three types of such disputes, conflicts arise among various parties due to differences in this identification standard. The reasons for the disputes lie in the traditional concept of "marry and follow the husband", the inconsistent content of village regulations and people's conventions, the failure of land contractual management right certificates to timely reflect changes in the relationship between people and land, and the need to clarify the evidential effect of the registration of land contractual management rights. To resolve these disputes, countermeasures should be taken from four aspects: when settling such disputes, priority should be given to determining whether the married-out woman has acquired contracted land in her new place of residence; "the married-out woman has not acquired contracted land in her new place of residence" should be recognized as an objective fact; the method for "married-out women to acquire contracted land in their new place of residence" must be more explicit; and this matter must be determined based on actual circumstances. Only in this way can the land rights and interests of rural women be better protected and the improvement of the land contracting system be promoted.

Development-Induced Displacement and Human Security: A Very Short Introduction

This article describes the basic rights and obligations of refugees by the legislation of Ukraine.The rights and obligations of refugees by the legislation of Ukraine are properly established in accordance with international legal standards, and the main problem in modern Ukraine is compliance with the legislation on the rights of refugees. This category of individuals often experiences difficulties in connection with registration at the place of residence, obtaining permanent or temporary housing, employment at a new place of residence. There are difficulties with medical care and pension provision.The rights of refugees are a general component of the human rights system, the presence of a special mechanism for the protection of their rights does not mean for them exclusion from the general system of protection of human rights and freedoms, but it is organically included in the system of international legal protection of human rights.The presence of a large number of refugees in the world indicates numerous problems in the peaceful coexistence of states in various regions of the planet, including, unfortunately, in Europe, where more than 10 million Ukrainians have already become refugees as a result of full-scale brazen Russian aggression, in addition, there are many refugees in Europe, from conflicts in Afghanistan, Somalia, Syria, Iraq, Georgia, Kosovo, Nagorno-Karabakh. As a result of objective circumstances, all these people were forced to leave their native homes and become refugees. The presence of millions of refugees from different parts of the world indicates the need for radical reforms of the UN, which is increasingly finding it difficult to ensure international law and order and conflict resolution, and also indicates the need to improve the mechanism for the protection of human rights at the universal level.Human rights, protection and promotion of the realization of rights have always been and remain a priority area of activity of our state. At the current stage, in the conditions of the military regime introduced in Ukraine, the need to improve the existing mechanisms for the protection of human rights, including refugees and forced migrants who are forced to leave their places of permanent residence, is becoming extremely urgent. The activities of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees and his cooperation with the Government of Ukraine are important in this area.

The article defines and characterises the best interests of the child principle in determining the child’s place of residence under martial law. The principle of the best interests of the child is examined in both a broad and a narrow sense. In its broad interpretation, the principle applies to all legal relationships involving a child, whereas in its narrow sense it pertains exclusively to family law relations. It is emphasised that there are no exceptions to the application of the principle of the best interests of the child in any legal relationship where a child is a participant. An individualised approach to the child’s needs should always be applied when determining the child’s place of residence. At the same time, the possibility of a child’s participation in determining his or her best interests is not strictly linked to a specific age, but rather depends on the child’s conscious understanding of the circumstances of his or her own life. Decisions regarding a change of the child’s place of residence must be tailored to the individual child. The issue of the forced evacuation of children is also examined. Such legal relations do not fall within the scope of family law, as they involve state intervention to ensure the child’s safety, life, and health. It is established that, as a consequence of martial law, cases concerning the determination of a child’s place of residence have extended beyond the traditional scope of family law disputes. It is concluded that a child’s place of residence constitutes an element of the child’s autonomy. Therefore, this issue is particularly sensitive and requires respect when parents, other family members, or the state interfere. Any intrusion into a child’s autonomy must be accompanied by respect for the child’s dignity and individuality and may be justified only where compelling circumstances necessitate a change of residence. Accordingly, when determining a child’s place of residence, it is essential to assess how disruption to the child’s habitual way of life — such as separation from family, school, or peers — may cause psychological stress and affect the child’s overall development and social adaptation. Thus, a decision to establish a new place of residence must be supported by substantial and well-grounded advantages that clearly justify such a change.

The Kaliningrad region’s attractiveness to migrants results in increasing external (interna­tional) and interregional migration. The interregional flow is a major contributor, accounting for approximately 60 per cent of the net migration gain. However, the age composition and pro­fessional qualification of migrants from other regions of Russia do not fully agree with the specifics of the region’s labour market and its strategic socio-­economic development priori­ties. This lends urgency to a selective regional migration policy aimed at prospective internal migrants. Yet, the picture of pull, push and hindering factors remains incomplete, being limit­ed to generally accepted drivers such as coastal location and proximity to EU countries. This article aims at a detailed analysis of reasons to migrate to the region, an assessment of the re­strictions and difficulties faced by relocatees and migrants’ satisfaction with the new place of residence. Method­ologically, the study uses a mixed strategy: formal data collection methods are combined with respondent selection techniques peculiar to qualitative or expert methods. The authors draw on the results of an exploratory survey conducted in December 2021 with a view to analyse migrants’ perception of the Kaliningrad region before and after their arrival and assess how their ideas change. The survey applied mixed research methods: respondents were recruited via social media and relocatee groups. The data analysis reveals a gap between migrant expectations and reality, identifying the causes of inconsistency between the incoming migration flow and the region’s development objectives and labour market needs. Based on the findings, the authors provide recommendations for a migration policy based on an accurate picture of the region and aimed at attracting the required workforce, as well as at migrants’ adaptation and support at the new place of residence.

The article considers the last six years in Ukraine, which are full of events that led to the mass resettlement of residents of the Crimea and the East to other regions of our country. Every 29’th resident of Ukraine was forced to leave their home and look for a safer place. One of the important problems accompanying internally displaced persons is their adaptation in host communities. The purpose of this work was to apply a resource approach in the study of this problem. To achieve this goal, we used the methodology of statistical analysis of data obtained by the National System for Monitoring the Situation of Internally Displaced Persons. Four groups were selected for the main resources that can facilitate the adaptation of displaced persons: personal, material, social and cultural. We considered which of these types of resources migrants had before moving to new places of residence, which resources were provided by the host communities. They also explored which of the resources could influence the adaptation of internally displaced persons. It was found that such personal resources of internally displaced persons as age, gender, education, profession play an important role in the process of adaptation. Yes, they found that the elderly or single people who do not have the support of family and relatives find it most difficult to adapt to new places of residence. And such a cultural resource as the language of migrants can influence the choice of the region of further residence, along with such social resources as, for example, educational institutions, or with such material resources as jobs. For people with disabilities and the elderly, social resources such as medical facilities are important for their adaptation. The results obtained in this work have scientific and practical value for scientists in the fields of sociology, psychology, law. In addition, the applied resource approach allows to properly emphasize all those who try to facilitate the process of adaptation to internally displaced persons: social workers, lawyers, politicians, NGOs, volunteers, and prevent cases where refugees from battlefields have not been able to adapt to new communities and are forced, despite the threat, to return to their homes.

Biographical interviews conducted among Polish émigré artists revealed several key categories.One of them is the strangeness, which turned out to be a complex and multifacetedcategory. In “mythologies” of artists the feeling of strangeness, otherness, and evenhostility of the outside world reveals itself very often and becomes part of biographyand ethos of an artist. Emigration generally exacerbates this condition. However, theemigrant experiences strangeness not only in a new place of residence, the prolongedabsence from the home country also has its own consequences. As a result, very oftenthey experience double strangeness: in their left home country and in the new place ofresidence. However, that does not mean, that feeling of strangeness connects only withsuffering. Many artists are able to take advantage of this inconvenience, finding in this statetheir matter, subject, stimulation for creative work. These artists continually derive inspirationfrom being a stranger. In the article by referring to the collected biographical dataI would like to show different trajectories of foreignness and various creative strategiesused by artists emigrants. Strangeness will be shown as a key category in the descriptionof their biographical experience but also as not entirely unambiguous category.

Agreement on the guarantees of the rights of citizens of CIS countries in the field of pensions, on March 13, 1992 establishes the principles of territoriality: • pension security of citizens of member states is carried out under the laws of the state in whose territory they reside. • all costs of pensions are borne by the state providing the security. The Law of Ukraine «About Compulsory State Pension Insurance» on July 9, 2003 No. 1058-IV and the Law of Ukraine «About Pension Provision » No.1788-XII of November 5, 1991 do not provide for the inclusion of a wage payment of the northern supplement and a regional coefficient. However, in accordance with the Agreement on the Guarantee of the Rights of Citizens of the Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States in the field of pensions of March 13, 1992 (hereinafter the Agreement), the length of service acquired during the shift-expedition method in the Far North or equivalent areas in the Russian Federation counted to establish the right to a pension. The regional coefficient is an indicator of wage increases to compensate for additional expenses and increased labor costs associated with performing work and living in regions with severe climatic conditions. Currently, district coefficients are 1.1 to 2.0. Regional coefficients are applied to the wages of workers employed in the Far North, Siberia, the Far East, the Urals, and the northern regions of the European part of the Russian Federation. The fixed basic amount of the insurance part of the labor pension, for those residing in the regions of the Far North, is increased by the corresponding district coefficient. The regional coefficient is established by the Government of the Russian Federation for the entire period of residence in these areas. When citizens move to a new place of residence in other areas of the Far North, the size of the insurance part of the labor pension is determined based on the size of the district coefficient at the new place of residence. If you do not take into account the northern allowances, it is important to pay attention to the following inconsistency. The Office of the Pension Fund of Ukraine fulfills the obligations of Ukraine under the Agreement of March 13, 1992. If the Pension Fund Management of Ukraine does not fulfill its obligations, Ukraine violates its obligations in an international agreement. If the Pension Fund Management of Ukraine does not fulfill its obligations, Ukraine violates its obligations in an international agreement.    

The relevance of the research topic is due to the determining influence of social class appearance, the occupation and the previous geographical place of migrants’ residence on the further social and economic development of the populating region. On the example of the largest rural settlement of Tambov Governorate – Rasskazovo village – we show the features of state peas-ants migrations to the region of traditional agriculture (Central Black Earth Region) on the microhistorical level during the foundation and settlement by them the separate settlement in Zalesskiy stan of Tambov County in the late 17th – early 18th century. During the study we define the date and geographical location of the Rasskazovo village foundation – Lesnoy Tambov. We give brief information about the biography of its founder beekeeper S.A. Rasskaz – Vodyanov. We describe the nearest surroundings of the village with the indication of smallholders and the names of their owners. We analyze the course of home settlement of the village in the first years of its existence with the usage of data of census lists, census books and household censuses. We determine the range of settlement from which palace peasants moved to a new place of residence. We try to determine the class structure of the villagers in the first half of the 18th century. We also trace the demographic growth of the village in the period 1697–1744. We reveal a number of features of the primary (to the village) and secondary (to new places of residence) migrations of the first Rasskazovo settlers.

This article attempts to look at migration from an anthropological perspective, especially at the issues of integration and the changes seen in the identity of migrants. Motivation and readiness for change, along with the existing stereotypes and personal experiences of a migrant, constitute successful adaptation in a new place of residence. One of the most important elements of integration in a new society is the knowledge of this group’s language, it facilitates entering the community and is very important in terms of the reproduction of one’s identity in the new place of residence. The recreation of one’s identity is necessary, because a migrant is placed in a completely new reality in which his / her previous social role and status are different. The creation of identity happens in between the two concepts of familiarity and foreignness. The description of the above-mentioned topics was based on the partially structured interviews with Brazilians living in Poznań for at least 2 years. The bibliographies included form the basis of the anthropological analysis of migration.

Biographical interviews conducted among Polish émigré artists have revealed several key categories. One of them is the feeling of otherness, which turns out to be a complex and multifaceted category. In the artists’ ‘mythologies’ their sense of foreignness, otherness, and even awareness of the hostility of the outside world appears very often and becomes part of their biographies and artistic ethos. Emigration generally exacerbates this condition. In the emigrant experience, the foreignness of the new place of residence and prolonged absence from the home country has its consequences. Very often emigré artists experience a dual sense of otherness: in the home country that they have left and in the new place of residence. However, this does not mean that the feeling is connected solely with suffering. Many artists are able to use this feeling to find subject matter and stimulation for creative work. These artists continually derive inspiration from being an outsider. The author uses biographical material to show the different trajectories of foreignness and the various creative strategies used by emigré artists. Otherness is shown to be a key category of their experience but not an entirely unambiguous one.

Forced resettlements were the lot of the generation that had survived the Second World War. Experiences associated with displacement are strongly rooted in the sphere of emotions, thus impacting the formation of the narrative about a lost city and a newly settled city. The interpretive scope of the analysis is delineated by the key category of memory and its derivatives: the community of memory, private memory, the emotional community of memory, as well as trauma and nostalgia. A broad spectrum of terms allows us to refer it to the „lived world“ and the practices of everyday that belonged to the former residents of Lvov who arrived in Cracow after the Second World War, as well as their descendants who identified themselves with the family memory. The emotional community of memory of the „Lvov Cracovians” is described by common indicators: an identical place of origin (not necessarily of birth, however), the war trauma and displacement trauma, later, at varying dates – the process of settling in Cracow. These are the contexts in which their experiences are situated: the burden of losing their homes and their city, the sense of rootlessness, the sense of impermanence and alienation, the nostalgia for abandoned places and bygone times. The half-real, half-metaphysical immersion in the space of Lvov – first mundane and familiar, later brutally appropriated by ideology and politics – caused many former residents of Lvov to feel that their new place of residence – Cracow, with all its historical splendour of the cradle of Polishness – did not become a home, even though the values of national culture were very close to their hearts. That the city of origin is transformed into a myth is not surprising, it is an obvious cultural standard; but the relatively limited presence of Lvov in Cracow is worth investigating. In contrast to Wroclaw, whose empty post-war space was filled by immigrants, the well-settled community of Cracow treated the otherness of the newcomers from the East with reserve. In Cracow, the memory of lost Lvov was an alienated one. This cannot be explained solely by the fact that in the official discourse of the People’s Republic of Poland the topic of the former Eastern Borderlands of Poland was strictly censored (it is commonly known that, paradoxically, this is precisely what caused the powerful mythicisation of the Borderlands and Borderland cities in the everyday memory of the Polish people). In Wroclaw, which was empty of Polish content, the myth of Lvov took a firm root and the city became the heir of the Lvov tradition. Cracow, in contrast, was struggling throughout the post-war period with the ongoing devaluation of its symbolic significance which, although rooted in the Polish national universe, was undergoing ideological manipulation. The Lvov diaspora was constructing its image of Cracow by means of contrasting it to Lvov. In the family tales, “that” Lvov, surrounded with the glow of nostalgia, was – and still is – a mental refuge, strongly rooted in the memory of the first-generation migrants and the memory passed on to children and grandchildren brought up in the new place. It became a symbolic place and, like with Hemingway’s Paris, there is never any ending to it.

After the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, the so-called Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, covering the area within the 30 km radius from the nuclear reactor site, was established (also in Belarus). All people were evacuated from the zone and displaced to “clean” territory. For the purpose of the current paper, reports of witnesses from the documental prose, dialectal texts, publications and Belarus Archives of Oral History were analysed in an attempt to find in their narratives the answers to the following questions: who the people called “chernobyltsy” (literally: the Chernobyl ones) are and in what way they were and are seen by other people, especially just after the disaster; what the reaction of the people to the process of evacuation was; what the indigenous people during the evacuation took with them; what they left at their homes and why; what their attitude towards new comfortable houses and flats was; in what way they tried to adapt themselves to new environment; where they buried the dead; and whether they successfully settled in their new places of residence. Having analysed the reports and arranged them according to the phenomenology of the area based on the report of H. Buczyńska-Garewicz, the category of “rootedness” of S. Weil and J. Tischner, A. van Gennep’s theory of rites of passage”, the author concludes that a great number of “chernobyltsy” are deeply rooted in their motherland; an approach that excludes the possibility of expanding the definition of “home” and “the sense of settlement”. Those people usually suffer at their new places of residence and sometimes return home. The only strategies favouring their acceptance of a new place that have been observed are focusing on work, especially on working the land (an allotment), or focusing on the health of their children

Метою статті є теоретичне обґрунтування напрямів вдосконалення соціального захисту внутрішньо переміщених осіб в умовах територіальної громади. В статті обґрунтовано актуальність проблеми соціального захисту внутрішньо переміщених осіб, необхідність пошуку ефективних шляхів соціальної адаптації даної категорії громадян у нових місцях проживання. Вивчено наукові підходи щодо сутності та значення предмету дослідження, сформовано власне розуміння категорії соціальний захист внутрішньо переміщених осіб – це система соціальної та фінансової підтримки внутрішньо переміщених осіб, яка включає фінансову, матеріальну та соціально-психологічну підтримку даної категорії громадян до їх повної реінтеграції у суспільство на новому місці проживання. Вивчено законодавче забезпечення соціального захисту внутрішньо переміщених осіб, відмічено його складність для розуміння потерпілими особами, та необхідність вдосконалення щодо обліку даної категорії громадян, верифікації їх даних та прозорості надання соціальної допомоги. Досліджено зарубіжний досвід соціального захисту внутрішньо переміщених осіб Молдови, Сербії, Грузії, Азербайджану, Вірменії, відмічено можливості його застосування в українських реаліях. Проаналізовано соціальний захист внутрішньо переміщених осіб протягом 2023 року в Луцькій міській територіальній громаді, визначено наявні проблеми та тенденції. Запропоновано напрями вдосконалення соціального захисту внутрішньо переміщених осіб: посилення соціального діалогу та співпраці між органами державної влади, органами місцевого самоврядування та жителями громади; розподіл та перерозподіл внутрішньо переміщених осіб між територіальними громадами країни, для усунення локальних перенавантажень та оптимізації можливостей системи соціального захисту; фінансування потреб внутрішньо переміщених осіб на паритетних засад з максимальним залучення ресурсів вітчизняних та міжнародних благодійних організацій; комплексність надання соціальної допомоги (матеріальна, медична, юридична, психологічна, соціальна). Перспективи подальших досліджень полягають у формуванні практичних рекомендацій щодо покращення соціального захисту внутрішньо переміщених в післявоєнний період.

Objectives: The study's objectives were to measure the degree of social adjustment and team cohesion among team game players in Palestinian universities, as well as the variations in these measures across the variables (university, game type, place of residence), and to determine the relationship between the degree of social adjustment and group cohesion among team game players in Palestine. Methods: The descriptive-correlational approach was employed by the researchers. According to the declarations of the Palestinian University Sports Federation, the study was carried out on a sample of athletes competing on team sports teams at Palestinian universities, and it included (142) athletes who were deliberately selected, representing (33.52%) from (Khadouri University, An-Najah University, Istiqlal University, Arab American University). Results: The study revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in social adjustment and team cohesion when the university, game type, and place of residence were taken into account, while the study's findings revealed that the level of social adjustment and team cohesion among team game players in Palestinian universities was medium and the level of team cohesion among team game players in Palestinian universities was high. Conclusions: The players of team games in Palestinian universities experience good to medium levels of social adjustment as well as high levels of team cohesion. These levels of social adjustment and social cohesion are positively related to one another, and players in Palestinian universities experience nearly the same harmony in these areas regardless of the university, the type of game, and where they live.