Social-economic-natural complex ecosystem (SENCE) theory and its application: Historical contributions and future prospects.

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 城市复合生态及生态空间管理 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201312102920 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目（71033005，71273254，71033005） Urban eco-complex and eco-space management Author: Affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:城市是一类基于区域水-土-气-生-矿五类生态因子，生产-流通-消费-还原-调控五类生态过程，以及经济-政治-文化-社会-环境五类生态功能，在时间-空间-数量-结构-功序范畴耦合的复合生态系统。阐述了城市复合生态的整合机制、体制、结构、功能的内涵，提出以净化、绿化、活化、美化、进化型安全生态保障目标，生物链-矿物链-服务链-静脉链-智慧链五链合一的循环经济耦合构架，以及污染防治、清洁生产、产业生态、生态社区和生态文明五位一体的和谐社会建设模式为城市生态管理的3个支柱。城市生态管理是对城市涵养、调节、流通、供给和支持五类生态服务功能的调节、修复和建设而不只是保护城市生物。城市生态空间是指城市生态系统结构所占据的物理空间、其代谢所依赖的区域腹地空间，以及其功能所涉及的多维关系空间。通过天津、扬州、淮北、合肥等市复合生态规划与建设的案例，阐述了区域、市域、城域和社区/园区4尺度城市生态空间的管理方略。最后以延庆和北京主城关系的演变探讨了复合生态位势在城市生态管理中的应用。 Abstract:City is a kind of social-economic-natural complex ecosystem (SENCE), supported by 5 kinds of eco-factors (water, soil, fire, biome and minerals), 5 eco-processes (production, transportation, consumption, recycling and regulation), 5 kinds of function (economy, politics, culture, society and environment), and coupled in time, space, quantity, structure and function). This paper explained its integrative dynamics, cybernetics and systematics, three supporters of its development: eco-security (cleaning, greening, vitalizing, beautification and forward evolution), circular economy (coupling five chains of biological, mineral, service, recycling and wisdom), and harmonious society (with a integrative management model of pollution control, cleaner production, eco-industry, eco-polis and eco-civilization). Urban ecological management is rather a kind of regulation, restoration and creation process to enforce the urban ecological service of cultivation, regulation, circulation, supply and supporting than just nature conservation. Urban eco-space includes the physical space the city occupied, the hinterland ecosystem for city metabolism using, and the super eco niche for the city function. Through case studies of Tianjin, Yangzhou, Huaibei and Hefei, the paper has shown the approaches for urban eco-space planning and management. Finally, the application of integrative eco-niche and eco-potentials are discussed with a case of Yanqing County for its development relationship with its mother city of Beijing. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 国内外生态效率核算方法及其应用研究述评 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201104280564 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,湖南省环境监测中心站 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点项目(71033005);国家科技支撑计划课题(2007BAC28B04) Review of eco-efficiency accounting method and its applications Author: Affiliation: Research Center for Eco-environment science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Eco-environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science,Hunan Environmental Monitoring Center Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:生态效率由于具有突出的定量化分析优势,在可持续发展的评价与量化分析中起着重要作用,且在全世界范围内得到广泛推广和应用。参阅近十年国内外相关文献的基础上,系统总结了生态效率的核算方法及其在不同尺度的应用,侧重于国内外对比分析,研究表明:(1) 国外已从简单评价转向生态效率驱动机制的探究。(2) 对于生态效率测算,国外开始借助会计、金融以及管理学中的理论和模型对现有的经济/环境比值法以及模型法进行改良和修正;我国则侧重于生态效率评价指标体系构建以及生产率模型的应用。(3) 在应用层次上,国外侧重于企业及其产品系统的生态效率分析,并且开始将生态效率同产品的生态设计、关键问题辨识、系统开发等融合起来,而区域等大尺度的研究则处于尝试阶段;我国在企业尺度的研究甚少,主要集中在行业、生态园区、城市及区域等大尺度的生态效率评价。(4) 国外开始将生态效率同全球生态问题(全球变暖、生物多样性、食物安全)等结合起来;而我国生态效率研究侧重于污染物分析。(5)由于社会维度定量分析难度较大,目前绝大部分研究都很少涉及。最后,文章提出:我国应加大生态效率的宣传与推广,推动生态效率在微观(企业)以及宏观(全球生态问题)上的研究和应用;借助经济、管理、会计等学科的理论和方法完善生态效率核算方法体系;综合利用全排列多边形图示法,反映社会-经济-自然复合生态系统的各个方面。 Abstract:Industrial ecology, eco-efficiency, eco-design, X multiple of revolution are theoretical basis for sustainable development. Among these, eco-efficiency is the most popular method for quantitative analysis. The concept of eco-efficiency was firstly put forward in the academic by Schaltegger and Sturn in the year 1990. Being promoted greatly by the World Business Council for Sustainable, eco-efficiency has obtained great attention in sustainable development research. Claude Fussler firstly introduced the concept of eco-efficiency to China in 1995. There are many achievements in the researches of eco-efficiency in china in recent ten years. Different accounting methods of eco-efficiency in different researching fields were developed, especially in the researches on circular economy in different scales of urban, regional and national level. In this paper, eco-efficiency counting methods and applications in different scales have been sum up based on the review of relevant literature in recent ten years. The accounting methods of eco-efficiency were divided into three categories: (1) Economic/environmental single ratio method. Sometimes, the total production of the product or service, total sales and the total net sales were used to stand for the economic dimension. Resources consumptions, carbon dioxide emissions or other environmental impacts were used to present the environmental dimension. (2) Indicator system method was consisted by indicators which independent from each other but stand for each sections of the research subject. The indicator system method is suit for analyzing the complex systems which contains social, economic and natural subsystems. (3) Modeling method. Data envelopment analysis method is the main method, and other productivity models have been used for eco-efficiency analysis. Then, eco-efficiency could be applied on different scales, such as plant, industry, regional and etc. According to the summarize of current researches, we found that: (1) Researches on eco-efficiency have shifted from simple evaluation to driving mechanism exploring shown in international literatures, but domestic researches still remain in the simple evaluation level. (2) Modeling and methods of eco-efficiency exist in the area of accounting, finance and productivity have been brought to modify and correct the economic/ecological ratio model, while domestic researches focus on building a multi-index system of eco-efficiency, and apply the productivity models for assessment. (3) In the area of eco-efficiency application, international researches showed interests on industrial system and its production system, and applied eco-efficiency method to eco-design and product development. Comparatively, domestic researches mainly focus on the assessment of ecological parks, urban and regional areas, but very few researches in the scale of industrial scale. (4) International researches of eco-efficiency were associated with global ecological issues, such as global warming, biodiversity, food security, while domestic researches focused on analyzing pollutants and wastes. (5) Current studies didn't explain the roots of ecological and environmental crisis, and the social dimensions were usually not taking into consideration. Finally, the article point out, domestic government should spread the notion of eco-efficiency, propel the researches and applications both in micro and large scale; Improve the eco-efficiency accounting methodology with theories and methods of economy, management, accounting and other disciplines; Use the full array polygon graphical methods to reflect the different aspects of the social-economic-natural complex ecological system. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

These authors contributed equally to this work: Yuan-Ming Zheng, State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Peng Cao, State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 城市空气污染对周边区域空气质量的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201801060038 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41590841，41771201）；国家重点研发计划（2016YFC0503004）；中国科学院前沿科学重点研究项目（QYZDB-SSW-DQC034-2） Impact of urban air pollution on surrounding areas in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Provinces Author: Affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:京津冀地区是全球以PM2.5为首要污染物的空气污染最严重的区域之一，并已严重制约区域发展。大区域尺度上（例全国尺度）开展城市与其周边区域的PM2.5的研究通常直接比较二者的浓度差异，以定量地评估城市PM2.5污染对周边区域的影响，但这种方法在小区域较难精细地刻画城市对周边区域的影响的方向性和距离性差异。利用京津冀地区13个城市2000年，2005年，2010年，2015年PM2.5浓度和土地覆盖类型数据，以城市重心到城市边界的平均距离为基本距离，建立每个城市的一级（一倍基本距离）和二级（二倍基本距离）缓冲区，然后将缓冲区分成8个象限，以定量分析城市PM2.5污染对周边区域影响的方向性和距离差异。结果发现：（1）2000-2015年，京津冀城市群各地级市与周边区域空气质量时空分布分为以下两种模式：第一种模式是城区浓度高，周边区域低；第二种模式是城区浓度低，周边区域高且浓度差异很小。（2）各地级市对周边区域影响程度和范围呈上升趋势，并且这种影响具体表现在距离性和方向性两方面：①大部分城市距离城区越远，受城市PM2.5污染的潜在影响越大。②2000-2015年，除天津、廊坊、衡水和沧州，其余城市空气污染对周边影响的方向性特征差异显著。通过建立城市空气污染对周边区域定量化方法并在京津冀开展实证研究，拓展了城市空气污染对周边区域空气质量影响研究的方法体系，为定量地开展城市化的生态环境效应研究提供了方法和实证拓展。 Abstract:The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is one of the most air-polluted areas in the world where PM2.5 has been identified as the major air pollutant that has become the most restrictive factor in regional development. The study of PM2.5 in cities and surrounding areas on a large regional scale (e.g., national scale) usually directly compares concentration differences and evaluates the impact of urban PM2.5 pollution on the surrounding areas simply and quantitatively. This method of assessment of cities and surrounding areas is difficult to apply to small areas to quantify and analyze differences in pollutant direction and distances. Based on the data of PM2.5 concentrations and land cover types of 13 cities in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Provinces in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015, the average distance from the city center to the urban border was used as the basic distance reference, first- (one-time basic distance) and second-level (two-times basic distance) buffer analyses were performed for each urban area, which was then divided into eight quadrants to quantitatively analyze the impact of urban PM2.5 pollution on the surrounding area to determine differences in pollutant direction and distance. The results are as follows: (1) the spatial-temporal distribution of air quality in all prefecture-level cities and surrounding areas in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei in 2000-2015 was divided into the following modes: first, high concentrations in urban areas and low concentrations in the surrounding areas; second, low concentrations in urban areas, high concentrations in surrounding areas, and the difference of concentrations is small; (2) the impact and scope of the surrounding cities on the surrounding areas is increasing, and is manifested in two aspects: distance and direction:① the farther the majority of the cities are from the urban area, the greater the potential impact of cities on the surrounding areas; ② in 2000-2015, except for Tianjin, Langfang, Hengshui, and Cangzhou, the other cities had significant differences in the directional characteristics of air pollution. In this study, a quantitative method was established to analyze the impact of urban PM2.5 pollution on the surrounding area in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Provinces, and expand the methodology for studying the impact of urban air pollution on the air quality in the surrounding areas. Research on environmental effects provides methodological and empirical methods to quantitatively analyze urban ecology. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVViewpointNEXTChina’s increasingly positive and active stance on climate changeYufei Wang†§, Jorrit Gosens‡§, Hailin Wang†, and Zhengping Hao†*View Author Information† Department of Environmental Nano-materials, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085‡ State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China§ Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China*E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +86-10-62923564. Fax: +86-10-6292-3564.Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 45, 7, 2525–2526Publication Date (Web):March 4, 2011Publication History Received27 January 2011Accepted18 February 2011Published online4 March 2011Published inissue 1 April 2011https://doi.org/10.1021/es200520dCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1201Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1016 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Climate change,Energy,Redox reactions,Solar energy Get e-Alerts

At the leaders’ summit of the 15th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15) on 12 October 2021, China's President Xi Jinping declared that China has officially designated its first group of national parks—the Three-River-Source National Park, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park, the Hainan Tropical Forests National Park, and the Wuyishan National Park. The five national parks cover a total area of ∼230 000 square kilometers and protect nearly 30% of the key terrestrial wildlife species found in China.Since the establishment of the United States’ Yellowstone National Park in 1872, national parks have been founded in many countries, and some of them have become distinctive ‘national signatures’ and important ecological security shelters. As a large country with rich biodiversity, China now begins to establish its first five national parks, with a total of about 50 planned for the future, and to form a national-park-centric protected-area system. How will national parks change the landscape of China's ecological conservation? Is China well prepared to scientifically establish and administrate national parks? In this panel discussion, six Chinese ecological conservationists introduce the background, plans and challenges of China's national park system, and provide their scientific perspectives.Guangchun LeiProfessor, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry UniversityZhiyun OuyangProfessor, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesYang SuResearch Fellow, Development Research Center of the State Council of ChinaRui YangProfessor, Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua UniversityYujun ZhangProfessor, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry UniversityKeping Ma (Chair)Professor, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Cities are no longer viewed as creatures with a linear-climax-established cycle but as ecosystems with dynamic and complicated processes, with people as the primary component. Thus, we must understand urban ecology’s structure and function to create urban planning and appreciate the mechanisms, dynamics, and evolution that connect human and ecological processes. The ecological city (ecocity) is one of the city conceptions that has evolved with the perspective of urban ecology history. The concept of ecocity development within urban ecology systems pertains to recognizing cities as complex ecosystems primarily influenced by human activities. In this context, individuals actively engage in dynamic problem-solving approaches to address environmental challenges to ensure a sustainable and satisfactory quality of life for future generations. Therefore, it is necessary to study how ecocity has developed since it was initiated today and how it relates to the urban ecology perspective. This study aims to investigate the progression of scholarly publications on ecocity research from 1980 to 2023. Additionally, it intends to ascertain the trajectory of ecological city research trends, establish connections between scientific concepts, and construct an ecological city science network using keyword co-occurrence analysis from the urban ecology perspective. The present study used a descriptive bibliometric analysis and literature review methodology. The data was obtained by utilizing the Lens.org database, was conducted using the VOS (Visualization of Similarities) viewer software for data analysis. The urban ecology research area ecology of cities can be studied further from density visualization of ecosystem services and life cycle assessment. Finally, the challenges and future agenda of ecocity research include addressing humans by modeling functions or processes that connect humans with ecosystems (ecology of cities), urban design, ecological imperatives, integration research, and improving the contribution to environmental goals, spatial distribution, agriculture, natural resources, policy, economic development, and public health.

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 生态系统服务制图研究进展 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201303110391 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(41230745) The progress in ecosystem services mapping:a review Author: Affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:生态系统服务是生态学研究的前沿方向之一,生态系统服务制图是将生态系统服务的评估结果纳入到生态环境保护规划与管理决策制定与实施过程中的重要组成部分。生态系统服务制图是根据决策需求,选择合适的制图评价方法,对特定时空尺度上生态系统服务的空间分布以及在各种自然-社会因素共同影响下生态系统服务的情景变化进行量化描述的过程。它最终为决策参与者提供研究区域生态系统服务时空变化特征具体的、可视的量化描述,辅助决策者权衡利弊,最终制定出符合区域生态环境与人类社会共同可持续发展的最优决策。综述了生态系统服务制图的内涵及其在辅助决策过程中的重要作用;介绍了生态系统服务的重点研究内容(生态系统服务的提供、需求及权衡协同关系制图)及研究方法;并对目前研究中所存在的问题进行了深入的探讨,归纳了生态系统服务的制图评价流程及未来重点的研究方向。 Abstract:Ecosystem services mapping has been becoming one of the forefronts in the field of ecosystem services researches. Ecosystems deliver bunches of vital services for human society, such as food, water provision and water purification, carbon sequestration, soil protection, and entertainment. The sustainable capability of ecosystems to provide these services is influenced by changes of biophysical condition (e.g. The changes in land use and land cover, biodiversity, atmospheric composition and climate) and human society (e.g. The changes of socio-economic characteristics, demand and consumptive patterns of human beings), which alter the correlation of demand and supply in ecosystem services through impacting the composition, structure, and processes of ecosystems.Ecosystem services mapping is a process that assesses the component, spatial distribution and mutual relationships of ecosystem services in specific spatial-temporal scales by using multiple mapping methods and multi-sources data. These series of spatially explicit maps not only reveal the quantitative characteristics of the current regional ecosystem service, but also exposit the potential changes caused by different environmental scenarios. These visualized mapping result can facilitate decision makers to integrate ecosystem services into environmental protection planning and implementing, and assist them to weigh the pros and cons of the possible environmental variable scenarios and the consequences of likely decisions, in addition, to make an informed decision which benefits the sustainable developmental of natural-human systems.In the past few years, the widespread use of GIS and availability of the high spatial and temporal resolution RS data sets have prominently promoted the capability of ecosystem services mapping. After reviewing the researches published recently, we identified and summarized that ecosystem services mapping is primarily focusing on: (1) the mapping of ecosystem services supply which refers to the capacity of an given area to provide a specific bundle of ecosystem services within a particular time scale; (2) the mapping of ecosystem services demand which is the sum of all ecosystem services consumed by people in a particular area and specific time period; (3) and the mapping of the ecosystem services trade-offs and synergies, the former refers to the increment of one ecosystem service which is at the cost of the other ecosystem service, the latter means the synchronous variations among many different ecosystem services. Although there are lots of practical cases, ecosystem services mapping is still at its early stage. The core of ecosystem services mapping is a process about how to meet the needs of policy makers by using appropriate mapping methods, however, cautions must be mentioned in the broad use of mapping methods or models because they are scale-dependent and context-specific, and the mapping results need to be validated and verified against the observational data. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 系统保护规划的理论、方法及关键问题 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201304220768 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国土资源部公益性行业科研专项项目(201011018) Theory, work frame and hot issues of systematic conservation planning Author: Affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为了减缓生物多样性丧失的趋势、将有限的保护资源用于关键区域,Margules等提出了系统保护规划(Systematic Conservation Planning)概念和方法,目前该方法已成为国际主流保护规划方法。与传统基于专家决策的保护体系规划方法不同,系统保护规划拥有量化的保护目标、保护成本,并综合考虑保护体系连通性、人为干扰因素,使用优化算法计算,从而获得空间明晰的生物多样性保护体系。在阐述规划理念、规划流程与方法的基础上,重点评述了生物多样性替代指标的选择、保护规划成本的计算、保护目标的设置、规划结果的可靠性评估等关键问题,并结合我国的具体情况,探讨了该方法在我国的应用前景,以期为推进我国生物多样性与生态服务功能的保护做出贡献。 Abstract:Biodiversity provides numerous essential services to humanity. But in past few decades, a large number of species have become increasingly threatened by anthropogenic disturbances. The current rates of extinction are estimated to be 100-1000 times greater than pre-human rates. In order to decrease the biodiversity loss rate and maximize the limited protection resources in key biodiversity areas, Margules raised the idea of Systematic Conservation Planning (SCP). It was widely used in conservation planning. In contrast to traditional method of conservation planning by expert decision, quantitative conservation targets, costs synthesized network connectivity, human disturbances and optimal algorithm were considered in SCP for obtaining a spatial-explicit conservation system. After analysis of planning theory, procedure, methods and review of existing SCP tools, four key issues in SCP research were summarized. The first issue is biodiversity indicators selection which means biodiversity mapping or quantification at genes, species, and ecosystems level to generates a biodiversity distribution matrix. It was demonstrated, at large scale, that quantification of biodiversity importance for species and ecosystems are more suitable than genes method, especially for a combination of species and ecosystems. The second is the estimation of cost that can be calculated in monetary and non-monetary terms. Many methods of cost quantification were reviewed in these paper and it indicated that conservation cost should not only incorporates socioeconomic data, but also biological features. The most important destination of SCP is to achieve some minimum representation of biodiversity features for the smallest possible cost by optimization. So an explicit conservation target is required. However, obtaining a rational target depends largely on the experiences of the experts who are forming these targets and that will inevitable bring about bias due to poor knowledge of the area and taxa. Our review suggests that a convictive method should take both static and dynamic factors into account and to construct heterogeneity target for different conservation feature(ecosystem services, vulnerability, e.g.) as the target in SCP is worthy of further study. Once outcomes of SCP were generated from mathematical algorithm, the reliability and performability are still indeterminacy. Therefore, as the fourth key issue, how to evaluate result and error from SCP are given in our context. Summing up these issues, its foreground for further application in China was also analyzed under current biodiversity situation. Distinctly, Chinese scientists need to realize that the development of ecological productive mode in China have failed to keep pace with rapid economic development. In the face of heterogeneous land use pattern, target function should take various context into consideration during planning procedure. In addition, the expropriation for biodiversity conservation means that the government expropriate land of rural collective economy organization because of dual system of state ownership and collective ownership. For this reason, the estimation of conservation opportunity cost is more meaningful than land purchase cost. This paper, therefore, by reviewing a large amount of past literatures, makes a summary and a commentary on the theory, work frame and key topics on SCP that might promote the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystems in China in the future. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 微尺度下城市公园人造绿地土壤水分的时空分异格局及其驱动机制 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201807061479 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院大学,中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41571482，71734006）；国家重点研发计划重点专项（2016YFC0502804） Pattern and mechanism of microscale spatial-temporal variation in soil moisture at an artificial grassland in an urban park Author: Affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,,,,State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:水是生态系统的基本非生物组成要素，土壤水分对生态系统结构和功能有重要影响。微地形改造被证明能有效涵养水源、防止水土流失，并被广泛应用在生态恢复工程中。然而，在微尺度下人造生态系统土壤水分的时空分异格局及其驱动机制仍不明确。选择北京奥林匹克森林公园一处集合了4种不同地形的草地作为研究对象，对表层（0-10 cm）和深层（10-25 cm）土壤水分开展了长期的研究工作。研究结果表明，不同地形上土壤水分的季节变化特征没有显著差异，土壤温度是影响土壤水分季节变化的主要因素。在植被覆盖均匀的条件下，微地形对土壤表层水分的空间分布格局有显著影响，除洼地和冲沟两种特殊地形外，坡度决定的生态水文过程是主要的驱动机制；土壤深层水分没有明显的空间分布格局。研究结果说明在微尺度下，微地形通过影响土壤水分的空间分布格局，可能会对生态系统结构和功能产生潜在影响，应当在景观改造和生态恢复相关研究和工程应用中给予更多的关注。 Abstract:Water is the most basic element of ecosystem and is crucial to ecosystem structure and function. The transformation of microtopography has been widely used in ecological restoration to conserve soil water. However, the pattern and mechanisms of spatial-temporal variation in soil moisture at the micro-scale remain unclear. In this study, both topsoil (0-10 cm) and subsoil (10-25 cm) water content of four microtopographic types, which were located on an artificial grassland inside Beijing Olympic forest park, were monitored for one year. Only the topsoil water content was significantly affected by microtopography. Through eco-hydrological processes, slope gradient was an important impact factor for the spatial distribution of soil moisture. However, temporal variation in soil moisture showed no response to microtopography and was significantly affected by soil temperature. Therefore, further study is needed to reveal the potential effects of artificial microtopography on ecosystem structure and function, especially in the field of landscape transformation and ecological restoration. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 土壤动物粒径谱研究进展 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201601260185 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院生态环境研究中心;中国科学院大学,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（31470481）收稿日期：2016-01-2； Advances in the body size spectra study of soil fauna Author: Affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences;China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;China Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:群落结构如何响应环境变化是生态学研究长期关注的核心问题之一。粒径谱由个体大小和多度构建而来，与营养级转换速率相关、反映生态系统过程动态以及表征生态系统稳定性，可以将其视为一个综合的功能多样性指标用于预测和表征群落的组成以及生态系统功能如何响应环境压力。粒径谱研究最初始于水生生态系统，近年来被引入到土壤动物群落生态学的研究中。简要回顾粒径谱的概念由来及理论基础，分析比较了当前粒径谱研究中的4种易混淆类型，介绍了常用的两类土壤动物粒径谱构建方法及其生态学意义，梳理了土壤动物粒径谱对环境梯度响应与生态化学计量学相结合的研究进展，并指出了应用粒径谱研究土壤动物群落的难点及限制条件。未来，在基础理论研究方面，土壤动物粒径谱应关注个体大小与营养级位置及能量利用关系；在应用方面，土壤动物粒径谱可结合传统的分类方法广泛应用于指示环境污染、生态恢复、保育生物以及土地利用变化等。 Abstract:Community structure and their responses to environmental changes have long been a major concern in ecology. Constructed by body size and abundance, size spectra correlate with trophic transfer efficiency, respond process rate dynamics, and characterize ecological stability. Thus, body size spectra (BSS) can be an indicator of functional diversity to predict and characterize how community composition and ecosystem function respond to environmental pressures. The initial focus of BSS was in aquatic ecosystems until recently, when it was used in the community ecology of soil invertebrates. The present study briefly reviewed the concept, background, and theoretical basis of BSS. Four different but often confused BSS patterns were also distinguished. Then we showed how to construct the two frequently used types of BSS in soil fauna and their ecological significances. We introduced research progress on how the BSS of soil organisms respond to environmental gradients and relate to ecological stoichiometry. Limitations and constraints of the BSS application to soil fauna were also noted. In basic theoretical research, we should focus on the correlation of body size with trophic level and energy use in soil animals. Combined with traditional classification method, BSS of soil fauna can be widely used to indicate environmental pollution, ecological restoration, conservation biology, and land use changes. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 生态系统服务建模技术研究进展 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201708291562 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院生态环境研究中心,中国科学院生态环境研究中心 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划重点专项（2016YFC0501601） A review on the progress of modeling techniques in ecosystem services Author: Affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Ｒegional Ecology,Ｒesearch Center for Eco-Environment Science,Chinese Academy of Science,State Key Laboratory of Urban and Ｒegional Ecology,Ｒesearch Center for Eco-Environment Science,Chinese Academy of Science Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:在生态系统服务评估模型的数量、类型及应用大量增加的背景下，为将生态系统服务评估有效整合到决策中，系统比较、甄别不同建模工具并筛选出适合决策需求的生态系统服务评估和模拟方法尤为必要。因此，归纳并总结了国内外现有的生态系统服务评估模型的建模技术，包括：相关关系法、生物-物理过程法以及专家知识法；分别对其原理、差异、优缺点以及适用性进行了详尽阐释。大多数相关模型侧重于统计关系，相对容易创建和扩展，适用于生态系统服务的初始评估；生物-物理过程模型难以构建且不易获取，但提供了探索人-地系统相互作用和长期变化的有效机制；专家知识法有效结合了多种类型的知识体系，关注人类社会与自然系统之间反馈和交互动态的系统整合，但当评估地点发生变化时难以验证。在此基础上，介绍了基于上述3种建模技术的典型生态系统服务综合评估模型的发展和应用现状。各类建模技术面临着实用性和科学准确性之间的权衡。通过对不同建模技术的梳理与整合分析旨在提升当前生态系统服务研究的决策支撑能力，并为国内相关研究提供参考和借鉴。 Abstract:The number, diversity and application of ecosystem service models has greatly increased over the past decade. To integrate ecosystem service assessment into decision-making processes, systematically comparing and examining the different tools to identify the corresponding approaches that apply to decision requirements are especially essential and important. In this context, we summarized the existing modeling techniques for ecosystem service assessments nationally and internationally, including correlative models, process-based models, and expert-based models. We analyzed their principles, differences, advantages, and disadvantages in detail. Each of these modeling approaches had strengths and weaknesses that made them a better fit to different decision contexts:(1) the correlative models focused on existing statistical relationships, which were easy to use, to create and to revise, making these types of models useful in initial or rapid assessments. However, the weakness was that they could dramatically fail in data-poor situations. (2) Process-based models, which represented a scientific understanding of key dynamics for ecosystem services, were difficult to produce and to access but allowed the exploration of interactions and long-term dynamics in human-earth systems. (3) Expert-based models could facilitate to achieve the incorporation of diverse types of expert knowledge into ecosystem service assessments, which was particularly useful for bridging multiple knowledge systems as well as focusing on the interactions among people and nature systems. However, the expert-based models were often only partial and were difficult to verify from place to place. Furthermore, the applications of typical ecosystem service assessments models based on the three techniques were systematically reviewed and discussed. Our study highlighted that these modeling approaches had to compromise between usability and scientific accuracy, which meant that practitioners need to weigh their requirements for specific projects carefully before deciding on the appropriate tools. The analysis and integration of different modeling techniques would enhance the capabilities of decision support for ecosystem services assessments, and help to provide information and reference for domestically relevant research. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

The establishment of national park system: A new milestone for the field of nature conservation in China

In order to form regional economy into sustainable development economy, regional ecological and economic theory must be made into a deep study. This article analyze the background of the emergence of regional ecological and economic theory and its connotation, and from the sustainable development point of view, discuss the rationale foundation of regional ecological and economic theory, explore the framework of the construction foundation of regional ecological and economic theory, provide the principles of resource sharing, producing on demand, advances with cooperation and harmonious development, and promote that regional ecological economy is not a simple extension of ecological garden, ecological city or ecological province, based on the unique advantage of resource and ecological environment in certain area; aims at coordinated development of economy, ecology, and society, mutual promotion

[1] In the paper “Topographic steering, flow recirculation, velocity redistribution, and bed topography in sharp meander bends” by K. Blanckaert (Water Resources Research, 46, W09506, doi:10.1029/2009WR008383, 2010) the affiliations were given incorrectly. The correct affiliations are as follows: K. Blanckaert1,2,3 1Laboratory of Hydraulic Constructions, Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. 2Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands. 3State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.