S ocial D rinking : Mate, Guaraná, and Coffee Consumption in the Americas

Coffee Consumption and Risk of Liver Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

Coffee and Tea Consumption Are Associated With a Lower Incidence of Chronic Liver Disease in the United States

Background: Studies of self-reported coffee and tobacco consumption on risk of dementia have shown results conflicting with causal genetic studies. We tested the hypotheses that coffee and tobacco consumption causally influence risk of Alzheimer’s disease and non-Alzheimer’s dementia using a Mendelian randomization study design. Methods: We included 114,551 individuals from the general population. First, we tested whether high self-reported coffee and tobacco consumption were associated with risk of dementia. Second, we examined whether two genetic variants near CYP1A1/2 (rs2472297) and AHR (rs4410790) genes were associated with coffee consumption and whether one variant near CHRNA3 was associated with tobacco consumption in our population. Third, we examined whether genetically predicted high coffee and tobacco consumption due to variation in the genetic variants were associated with risk of dementia. Findings: Self-reported coffee and tobacco consumption were not associated with Alzheimer’s disease; however, moderate coffee consumption was associated with low risk and high tobacco consumption was associated with high risk of non-Alzheimer’s dementia. Genetically predicted tobacco and coffee consumption were not associated with risk of Alzheimer’s disease and non-Alzheimer’s dementia: hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for Alzheimer’s disease and non-Alzheimer’s dementia were 1·16 (0 · 93-1·44) and 1·23 (0·95-1·58) for +1 coffee cup/day and 1·06 (0.97-1·16) and 0·98 (0·88-1·10) for +1 pack-year, respectively. Interpretation: Neither coffee nor tobacco consumption appears to be related convincingly to risk of Alzheimer’s disease or non-Alzheimer’s dementia. Funding: Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital. Declaration of Interests: None exist. Ethics Approval Statement: The study was approved by institutional review boards and by Danish ethical committees, and was conducted according to the declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in the study.

AimsThe long‐term impact of coffee or tea consumption on subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic or diastolic function has not been previously studied. We examined the association between coffee or tea consumption beginning in early adulthood and cardiac function in midlife.Methods and resultsWe investigated 2735 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study participants with long‐term total caffeine intake, coffee, and tea consumption data from three visits over a 20 year interval and available echocardiography indices at the CARDIA Year‐25 exam (2010–2011). Linear regression models were used to assess the association between caffeine intake, tea, and coffee consumption (independent variables) and echocardiography outcomes [LV mass, left atrial volume, and global longitudinal strain (GLS), LV ejection fraction (LVEF), and transmitral Doppler early filling velocity to tissue Doppler early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E/e´)]. Models were adjusted for standard cardiovascular risk factors, socioeconomic status, physical activity, alcohol use, and dietary factors (calorie intake, whole and refined grain intake, and fruit and vegetable consumption). Mean (standard deviation) age was 25.2 (3.5) years at the CARDIA Year‐0 exam (1985–1986), 57.4% were women, and 41.9% were African‐American. In adjusted multivariable linear regression models assessing the relationship between coffee consumption and GLS, beta coefficients when comparing coffee drinkers of <1, 1–2, 3–4, and >4 cups/day with non‐coffee drinkers were β = −0.30%, P < 0.05; β = −0.35%, P < 0.05; β = −0.32%, P < 0.05; β = −0.40%, P > 0.05; respectively (more negative values implies better systolic function). In adjusted multivariable linear regression models assessing the relationship between coffee consumption and E/e´, beta coefficients when comparing coffee drinkers of <1, 1–2, 3–4, and >4 cups/day with non‐coffee drinkers were β = −0.29, P < 0.05; β = −0.38, P < 0.01; β = −0.20, P > .05; and β = −0.37, P > 0.05, respectively (more negative values implies better diastolic function). High daily coffee consumption (>4 cups/day) was associated with worse LVEF (β = −1.69, P < 0.05). There were no associations between either tea drinking or total caffeine intake and cardiac function (P > 0.05 for all).ConclusionsLow‐to‐moderate daily coffee consumption from early adulthood to middle age was associated with better LV systolic and diastolic function in midlife. High daily coffee consumption (>4cups/day) was associated with worse LV function. There was no association between caffeine or tea intake and cardiac function.

BackgroundIndividuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) and die prematurely than those without this condition. Coffee or tea consumption has been linked with lower risks of developing CVD and premature death in general populations. A meta-analysis of published prospective observational studies was performed to provide up-to-date evidence on the association between tea or coffee consumption and the risks of CVD and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in individuals with DM.MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase databases were searched. A Random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsCompared with the lowest consumption category, the highest coffee consumption was associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality (HR 0.82, 95%CI 0.73, 0.91; n = 9), coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality (HR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.85; n = 3), CVD incidence (HR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.97; n = 2), and CHD incidence (HR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.99; n = 3). Similarly, the highest tea consumption was associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.79, 0.92; n = 6) and CVD mortality (HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.93; n = 5). Linear associations were observed between coffee consumption and the risks of CVD mortality, CHD mortality, CVD incidence, and CHD incidence, as well as between tea consumption and the risk of CVD mortality. Nonlinear associations were found between coffee or tea consumption with the risk of all-cause mortality, with the greatest risk reduction observed at one to four cups of coffee per day or up to two cups of tea per day. The certainty of the evidence was mostly graded as moderate for coffee consumption (except for cancer mortality and stroke incidence, which were graded as low) and low for tea consumption (except for CVD mortality, which was graded as moderate).ConclusionDaily coffee or tea consumption may be associated with lower risks of CVD and death, particularly from CVD, among individuals with DM. However, However, due to the observational design, methodological limitations, and low to moderate certainty, these findings should be interpreted cautiously.

Coffee consumption and health-related quality of life

BackgroundThe association between coffee and mortality risk has been found in most previous studies, and recent studies have found an association between coffee consumption and cognition. However, there is still a lack of research exploring whether the association between coffee and mortality is influenced by cognitive function.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the association of coffee, caffeine intake in coffee and decaffeinated coffee with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in older adults with different cognitive performances.MethodsThe study was based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. Coffee and caffeine consumption data were obtained from two 24-h dietary recalls. Individual cognitive functions were assessed by CERAD-word learning test (CERAD-WLT), animal fluency test (AFT), and digit symbol substitution test (DSST). In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed with the above test scores to create global cognitive score. The lowest quartile of scores was used to classify cognitive performance. Cox regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were applied to assess the relationship between coffee and caffeine consumption and mortality.ResultsIn the joint effects analysis, we found that those with cognitive impairment and who reported without drinking coffee had the highest risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality compared with others. In the analysis of population with cognitive impairment, for all-cause mortality, those who showed cognitive impairment in the AFT displayed a significant negative association between their total coffee consumption and mortality {T3 (HR [95% CI]), 0.495 [0.291–0.840], p = 0.021 (trend analysis)}. For DSST and global cognition, similar results were observed. Whereas for CERAD-WLT, restricted cubic spline (RCS) showed a “U-shaped” association between coffee consumption and mortality. For CVD mortality, a significant negative trend in coffee consumption and death was observed only in people with cognitive impairment in AFT or DSST. In addition, we observed that decaffeinated coffee was associated with reduced mortality in people with cognitive impairment.ConclusionOur study suggested that the association between coffee consumption and mortality is influenced by cognition and varies with cognitive impairment in different cognitive domains.

Coffee consumption has been associated with reduced markers of hepatic cell damage, reduced risk of chronic liver disease, and cirrhosis across a variety of populations. Data on the association between coffee consumption and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially in high-risk populations, are sparse. This study examines the relationship between coffee and caffeine consumption, and the risk of developing HCC within the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a prospective cohort of 63,257 middle-aged and older Chinese men and women, a relatively high-risk population for HCC. Baseline data on coffee consumption and other dietary and lifestyle factors were collected through in-person interviews at enrollment between 1993 and 1998. As of 31 December 2006, 362 cohort participants had developed HCC. High levels of coffee or caffeine consumption were associated with reduced risk of HCC (p for trend < 0.05). Compared with non-drinkers of coffee, individuals who consumed three or more cups of coffee per day experienced a statistically significant 44% reduction in risk of HCC (hazard ratio 0.56, 95% confidence interval, 0.31-1.00, p = .049) after adjustment for potential confounders and tea consumption. These data suggest that coffee consumption may reduce the risk of developing HCC in Chinese in Singapore.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a condition where stomach acid rises back into the esophagus, which can negatively impact the quality of life, particularly among students who have coffee and tea consumption habits. This study aimed to analyze whether there is a relationship between coffee and tea consumption habits and the incidence of GERD among students at Muhammadiyah University. The study employed a case-control design involving 100 respondents (20 cases and 80 controls). Data were collected using the GERD-Q questionnaire and a validated and reliable questionnaire on coffee and tea consumption habits, which were then, analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed that coffee consumption habits and coffee consumption duration of ≥4 years were significantly associated with the incidence of GERD among students. In contrast, tea consumption habits and tea consumption duration of ≥4 years were not significantly associated with GERD, although students who regularly consumed tea had a higher risk of developing GERD compared to those who did not regularly consume tea. Students are advised to regulate their coffee and tea consumption habits to reduce the risk of GERD. Keywords: Caffeine, coffee consumption, GERD, students, tea consumption

Influence of coffee and caffeine consumption on atrial fibrillation in hypertensive patients

Coffee and alcohol consumption and liver cancer morbidity rates in Poland

Coffee Consumption Is Positively Associated with Longer Leukocyte Telomere Length in the Nurses’ Health Study

Purpose: Previous studies suggest that caffeine is involved in the pathophysiology of open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) and the regulation of the intraocular pressure (IOP). However, prospective studies with availability of repeated measures on coffee and tea consumption are limited. The purpose of this study is to identify if and to what extent coffee and tea consumption over time is associated with OAG risk and IOP regulation.Methods: Participants of the Rotterdam Study, a longitudinal population‐based cohort study, were regularly monitored for OAG. Data on coffee and tea consumption were collected using questionnaires. At baseline, 9731 participants were free of OAG; 8522 were assessed at a second visit; 3916 continued to a third visit; and 1297 participants were seen a fourth time. Over time, 201 participants developed OAG. The association between coffee and tea consumption and OAG or IOP was analysed using generalized estimating equations, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, total energy intake, alcohol consumption, and follow‐up time. Additional adjustment for lifestyle factors (physical activity, diet quality, and smoking status) or comorbidities (diabetes mellitus and hypertension) was also performed.Results: Neither coffee (Odds ratio [OR] with corresponding 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.06 [0.95; 1.17] per cup [125 g] increase) nor tea (OR [95% CI]: 1.01 [0.92; 1.10] per cup [150 g] increase) consumption was associated with OAG risk. Coffee consumption was significantly associated with lower IOP (beta [95% CI]: −0.03 [−0.06; −0.01] per cup increase). Participants drinking the most coffee (4 cups or more per day) had the largest IOP reduction (beta [95% CI]: −0.28 [−0.54; −0.03]) as compared to non‐users (p‐tend = 0.02). We also found a significant association between tea consumption and lower IOP (beta [95% CI]: −0.05 [−0.08; −0.03] per cup increase). Highest tea consumption (3 cups or more per day) was associated with the largest IOP reduction (beta [95% CI]: −0.26 [−0.40; −0.07]) as compared to non‐users (p‐tend &lt;0.001).Conclusions: Although coffee and tea consumption were not associated with OAG risk, both were associated with significantly lower IOP. Our findings confirm earlier reported associations between coffee and tea consumption and IOP.

Coffee and green tea consumption may be associated with circulating adipokines, but data are inconsistent, scarce or lacking. We examined the association of coffee and green tea consumption with serum adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, resistin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) among a Japanese working population. The authors analyzed data (n = 509) from a cross-sectional survey among Japanese workers aged 20-68 years. Serum adipokines were measured using a Luminex suspension bead-based multiplexed array. Coffee and green tea consumption was assessed using a validated diet history questionnaire, and caffeine consumption from these beverages was estimated. Multiple regression analysis was performed with adjustment for potential confounding variables. Coffee consumption was significantly, inversely associated with leptin and PAI-1 (P for trend = 0.007 and 0.02, respectively); compared with subjects consuming <1 cup per day, those consuming ≥4 cups per day had 13 and 10 % lower means of leptin and PAI-1, respectively. Similar associations were observed for caffeine consumption (P for trend = 0.02 for both leptin and PAI-1). Additionally, we noted a significant positive association between coffee consumption and adiponectin in men (P for trend = 0.046), but not in women (P for trend = 0.43, P for interaction = 0.11). Moreover, there was a positive association between coffee consumption and resistin in current male smokers (P for trend = 0.01), but not in male non-smokers (P for trend = 0.35, P for interaction = 0.11). Green tea consumption was not associated with any adipokine. Higher consumption of coffee and caffeine but not green tea was associated with lower serum levels of leptin and PAI-1 in Japanese adults.

The connections and possible interactions between coffee consumption, tobacco consumption, blood pressure (BP), age, and body mass index (BMI) were analysed in a cross-sectional epidemiologic study of 1098 men and 393 women of the Algiers district. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was negatively and significatively correlated with cigarette smoking. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was positively and significantly associated with coffee consumption (P less than 0.001) and negatively and significantly with cigarette consumption (P less than 0.001). These associations remained significant after multivariate analysis including sex, age, BMI, physical exertion at work, athletic activity, rural versus urban residency, tobacco, tea and coffee consumption. Coffee consumption and cigarette smoking were positively associated (P less than 0.001). In the subgroup of men, the association between coffee consumption and DBP was significant only after adjustment for cigarette smoking. In the subgroup of women, containing a low percentage of smokers, this association was significant without such adjustment. This finding suggests that cigarette consumption might partly mask the association between coffee consumption and BP. The contradictory interactions observed between BP, cigarette consumption and coffee consumption might help to explain the conflicting reports concerning the association between coffee consumption and ischemic heart disease.