Social Capital and Psychological Resilience in Post-war Iran: A Critical Review of the Twelve-Day Conflict

Association of social participation and psychological resilience with adverse cognitive outcomes among older Chinese adults: A national longitudinal study

With the intensification of the global aging trend, there is a contradiction between the extended lifespan and the decline of physiological functions among the older adult. It has become a global consensus to focus on and improve the quality of life for the older adult. Mind-body exercises (Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, Yi Jin Jing) play a crucial role in promoting the quality of life for older adults, but the mechanisms and mediating effects are not yet clear. This study examines the impact of mind-body exercises (Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, Yi Jin Jing) on the quality of life in older adults, with a particular focus on exploring the chain mediating effects of perceived social support and psychological resilience. This study is a cross-sectional study that surveyed 1,087 older adults participating in mind-body exercises (Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, Yi Jin Jing) in 13 districts of Beijing, China, from March 25 to May 3, 2024. The Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to measure mind-body exercise, perceived social support, psychological resilience, and quality of life, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0, and mediation effects were tested and effect analysis was conducted through structural equation modeling (AMOS) and the Bootstrap method. The study results show that mind-body exercises (Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, Yi Jin Jing) are significantly and positively correlated with the quality of life in older adults (r = 0.549, p < 0.01). The path coefficients for the relationships mind-body exercise → perceived social support (β = 0.46, p < 0.001) → psychological resilience (β = 0.20, p < 0.001) → quality of life in older adults (β = 0.39, p < 0.001) are significant, indicating that perceived social support and psychological resilience have a chain mediating effect between mind-body exercise and the quality of life in older adults. Mind-body exercises not only improve the quality of life for older adults but also indirectly enhance it by strengthening perceived social support and psychological resilience. This study provides significant reference for developing health intervention strategies targeted at older adults, suggesting that promoting mind-body exercises can improve their sense of perceived social support and psychological resilience, thereby increasing their quality of life.

This study aims to elucidate the influence of social support and psychological resilience on student behavior. The research is motivated by the need to understand the factors influencing student behavior within the scope of education. Social support is an important factor that can affect the psychological and social development of students, while psychological resilience reflects students' ability to cope with challenges and stress in everyday life. The research approach employed is quantitative with a correlational design. Data for this study were obtained through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. ased on the findings of this research, it was found that: 1) There is a positive influence of social support on psychological resilience, as evidenced by the value of 0.187, which is smaller than 0.698. 2) There is a positive influence of social support on student behavior, which is 0.329, smaller than 0.698. 3) There is a positive influence of psychological resilience on student behavior, amounting to 0.195, smaller than 0.684. 4) There is a simultaneous influence of social support and psychological resilience on student behavior, amounting to 0.367, smaller than 0.604. This indicates that social support and psychological resilience play an important role in shaping student behavior. The higher the social support and psychological resilience obtained by students, the higher the positive influence on student behavior. The findings of this research are expected to provide new insights into the importance of social support and psychological resilience in shaping student behavior.

Depression has become a challenging public health problem, and the loss of a spouse is one of the main causes of depression in older adults. Social participation and psychological resilience are protective factors that reduce depressive symptoms in adults. The purpose of this study was to explore the influences of social participation and psychological resilience on the depression of Chinese widowed older adults. We carried out a cross-sectional study on 790 community-dwelling widowed older adults in Shaanxi, China, in 2019. A structured face-to-face interview was used to collect data. We used the ordinary least squares model (OLS), the generalized propensity score matching (GPSM) and the mediation model to test the relationship between social participation, psychological resilience and depression. We find a U-shaped relationship between social participation and depression, with the increase in social participation scores, the average depression level decreased and then increased. The psychological resilience of the widowed older adults was negatively associated with depression. The higher their psychological resilience, the lower their depression level. Among the four factors of psychological resilience, factor 2 (optimism and positive acceptance of change) and factor 3 (secure relationships and tolerance of negative affect) of psychological resilience were protective factors for depression after adjusting for demographic variables and physical health conditions. Psychological resilience plays a mediating role, as evident in factor 2 and factor 3 mediating the relationship between social participation and depression. An appropriate level of social participation will relieve the depression of widowed older adults. Social participation can reduce the depression level of widowed older adults by improving their psychological resilience. Community and family could reduce depression by intervening in the social participation of widowed older adults. Active social participation is crucial because it has a protective and resilient impact, which can help people recover from the stress of losing a spouse.

BackgroundPancreatic cancer is an extremely malignant disease that poses a serious threat to the mental health of patients. Many cancer patients now use social media for online social support. However, the impact of social media on mental health is currently inconsistent in the academic community. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the mediating effects of online social support and psychological resilience in the relationship between social media use and mental health of pancreatic cancer patients.MethodsFour hundred and twenty-five valid questionnaires were collected through convenience sampling. All data were processed using SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0. We examine the influence relationships among latent variables by constructing a structural equation model. Then SPSS Process Macro was used to test the chain mediating effect of the model.ResultsThe results showed that (1) anxiety situations occurred in 22.2% of participants (N = 94), while the incidence of depression was 20.2% (N = 86). (2) Social media use positively influenced online social support (β = 0.990, p < 0.001), psychological resilience (β = 0.504, p < 0.001), and mental health (β = 0.330, p < 0.001); online social support positively influenced psychological resilience (β = 0.535, p < 0.001) and mental health (β = 0.354, p < 0.001); psychological resilience significantly and positively influenced mental health (β = 0.243, p < 0.001). (3) The chain mediating effect of online social support and psychological resilience was significant at 0.253 with a confidence interval of [0.178, 0.340].ConclusionPancreatic cancer patients in China are exposed to a high burden of anxiety and depression, which requires urgent attention. Meanwhile, online social support and psychological resilience played a chain mediating role between social media use and mental health (anxiety and depression), and our results provide new insights and ways to support the mental health improvement of pancreatic cancer patients.

To investigate the relationship between sleep quality, social support, psychological resilience and mental health status of medical staff following bloodborne occupational exposure in a square pod hospital, and the mediating role of social support and psychological resilience. A whole group sample of medical staff who had blood-borne occupational exposure in Lanzhou City Square Cabin Hospital from November to December 2022 were surveyed using self-administered general information questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), self-reporting inventory(SCL-90) scale, social support rating scale(SSRS) and psychological resilience scale(CD-RISC), and SPSS 27.0 software and Process V 4.1 plug-in were used to analyze the quality of medical staff&apos;s sleep, psychological well-being, relationships between social support and psychological resilience were analyzed. (1) A total of 332 medical personnel who had experienced blood-borne occupational exposure were investigated in this study. Most of them were male(n=254, 76.51%), mostly aged 26-45 years(n=262, 78.92%), and the majority of them were aged 11-19 years(n=138, 41.57%). The detection rate of needle stab injury was 73.49%(n=244), and the detection rate of sharp instrument injury was 82.53%(n=274). The detection rate of sleep disorder was 60.84%(n=202) and the positive rate of SCL-90 was 50.30%(n=167). (2) The total score of sleep quality was negatively correlated with the total score of social support(r=-0.257, P&lt;0.01), the total score of mental resilience was negatively correlated with r=-0.276, P&lt;0.01, and the total score of symptom checklist was positively correlated with r=0.580, P&lt;0.01. The total score of SSCS was negatively correlated with the total score of social support(r=-0.286, P&lt;0.01) and the total score of mental resilience(r=-0.403, P&lt;0.01). The total score of social support was positively correlated with the total score of mental resilience(r=0.406, P&lt;0.01). (3) Sleep quality had a direct negative effect on mental health, with an effect value of 11.83%(95%CI 0.462-1.386). Psychological resilience mediated the relationship between sleep quality and mental health, with an effect value of 5.43%(95%CI 0.093-0.837). Social support and psychological resilience mediated the relationship between sleep quality and mental health. mediating role, with an effect value of 2.66%(95%CI 0.080-0.353). Overall poor sleep quality and mental health among medical staff following bloodborne occupational exposure in square pod hospitals, in which social support and psychological resilience play chain-mediated roles.

Background:As education develops, it proposes increasing requirements on the quality of teachers. Thus, attention on the mental health problems of teachers has also been gaining increasing attention. However, specific studies on the relationship among teachers’ perceived social support, psychache, and psychological resilience remain lacking.Methods:Overall, 430 teachers (including teachers from universities, middle schools, and primary schools) from Zhejiang, Shanghai, Anhui, Hubei, Shanxi, Guangxi and other provinces in China were investigated in 2021 by using perceived social support scale, psychache scale, and psychological resilience scale.Results:Teachers’ perceived social support is below the average, whereas psychache and psychological resilience are above the average. A significant gender difference exists in teachers’ psychache, and female teachers showed significantly higher teachers’ psychache than male teachers (P<0.05). Teachers’ psychache showed significantly negative correlations with perceived social support (r=−0.465, P<0.01) and psychological resilience (r=−0.526, P<0.01), but teachers psychological resilience had a significantly positive correlation with perceived social support (r=0.439, P<0.01). Teachers’ perceived social support (β=−0.465, P<0.01) could make a negative significant prediction of teachers’ psychache, and teachers’ perceived social support (β=0.435, P<0.01) could make a positive significant prediction of teachers’ psychological resilience. Moreover, psychological resilience had partial mediating effect between perceived social support and psychache, which accounts for 37.6% of the total effect.Conclusion:Perceived social support not only is an important factor that influences teachers’ psychache directly but can also influence the psychache of teachers indirectly through psychological resilience.

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the relationship between employment stress and employment anxiety in physical education students, especially the mediating role of social support and psychological resilience.MethodsGroup psychological measurements were administered to 532 students using the Employment Stress Scale for College Students, Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and the Questionnaire for Suppression of Career Anxiety in College Graduates, in which the data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and the Bootstrap method to analyze the data, test and analyze the effects.ResultsEmployment stress was positively related to employment anxiety, and employment stress can significantly be used to predict employment anxiety in physical education students. In addition, employment stress can play a negatively predicted role in social support and psychological resilience, in turn, both factors can also have a negative prediction role on employment anxiety at the same time. Social support and psychological resilience were identified as significant mediators between employment stress and employment anxiety with three mediating pathways: employment stress, social support and employment anxiety (Path 1), with an indirect effect of 0.122 and Bootstrap 95% confidence intervals excluding 0 (LLCI = 0.099, ULCI = 0.144), accounted for 15.20% of the total effect. Employment stress, psychological resilience, and employment anxiety (Path 2), with an indirect effect of 0.064 and Bootstrap 95% confidence intervals excluding 0 (LLCI = 0.016, ULCI = 0.115), accounting for 8.00% of the total effect. Employment Stress, Social Support, psychological resilience, employment anxiety (Path 3), with an indirect effect of 0.006 and Bootstrap 95% confidence intervals excluding 0 (LLCI = 0.002, ULCI = 0.011), accounts for 0.70% of the total effect.ConclusionEmployment stress has positively predictive effects on employment anxiety in physical education students and has a ripple effect on anxiety symptoms in physical education students through the mediating role of social support and psychological resilience. The research results show that providing social support and increasing psychological resilience can effectively improve the individual’s coping level, alleviate the impact of employment stress, and thus reduce employment anxiety, which will be beneficial to the physical and mental health development of physical education students. At the same time, it provides a theoretical basis for graduate employment guidance and employment psychology education, and better helps physical education students make career choices.

BackgroundFighting against the COVID‐19 pandemic, front‐line nurses were under unprecedented psychological pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to promptly evaluate the psychological status of nurses during the COVID‐19 epidemic period.AimTo investigate nurses' mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and to test the mediating role of social support and psychological resilience between coping and mental health.DesignThis was a descriptive, cross‐sectional survey which used a structural equation model.MethodIn total, 711 registered nurses were included. All participants were invited to complete a socio‐demographic questionnaire, the general health questionnaire, the trait coping style questionnaire, the perceived social support scale and the Conner–Davidson Resilience scale.ResultsIn total, 50.1% nurses had high risk of mental health. Positive coping positively affected social support and psychological resilience, while it negatively affected mental health. Negative coping negatively affected social support and psychological resilience, while it positively affected mental health. Social support positively affected psychological resilience, while it negatively affected mental health. In addition, social support mediated coping and psychological resilience, and coping and mental health. Moreover, psychological resilience negatively affected mental health, and it mediated coping and mental health.

This article examined the perceived social support, psychological resilience, and loneliness as predictors of internet addiction among university undergraduate students in Turkey. Participants were 1028 university students (408 males and 620 females) from state university in Turkey. Measuring tools included the Descriptive Information Form, Internet Addiction Scale, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Brief Resilience Scale. According to the findings of the study, positive correlation between internet addiction and perceived social support (r = 0.078, P < .01) and loneliness (r = 0.525, P < .001) shows a significant relationship. There was a significant and inverse relationship between psychological resilience and internet addiction (r = -0.498, P < .001). It was found that perceived social support, loneliness, and psychological resilience explained 34% of the total variance in internet addiction. Regression analysis showed that perceived social support (β = 0.061, P < .01), loneliness (β = 0.574, P < .001), and psychological resilience (β = -1.128 P < .001) significantly predicted internet addiction. Regression analysis revealed that psychological resilience negatively predicted internet addiction, while perceived social support and loneliness positively predicted internet addiction. : Based on the findings, improving students' psychological resilience can be an effective way to reduce internet addiction behavior. Additionally, social activities and relevant measures should be planned to increase students' awareness of internet addiction, reduce their feelings of loneliness, and encourage them to establish positive interpersonal relationships.

BackgroundFamily resilience plays a crucial role in helping depressed adolescents overcome challenges. However, studies examining family resilience in depressed adolescents are currently scarce. This study, guided by the family resilience framework, aimed to investigate the serial-multiple mediation of social support and psychological resilience between family communication and family resilience in Chinese families of depressed adolescents.MethodsIn 229 parents of adolescents with major depressive disorder, 20.1% comprises of fathers, while 79.9% comprises of mothers. The mean age of depressed adolescents was 14.84 (±1.76) years, and the mean age of parents of these depressed adolescents was 43.24 (±4.67) years. The Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS), the Psychological Resilience of Parents of Special Children Questionnaire, and the Social Support Rating Scale, Family Assessment Device (FAD) were used to collected data. Descriptive, univariate, and Pearson correlation analyses were used in preliminary analyses. To explore mediation, we employed a serial-multiple mediation model (PROCESS model 6).ResultsFamily communication was positively correlated with family resilience, social support, and psychological resilience. Mediation analysis revealed indirect effects of family communication on family resilience, which were mediated solely by either social support or psychological resilience, or through multiple mediation pathways involving both social support and psychological resilience.ConclusionsFamily communication positively and directly affects the family resilience of depressed adolescents, and a higher level of social support and psychological resilience can help improve family resilience. These findings not only provide empirical evidence supporting the family resilience framework but also have practical implications for future family interventions targeting depressed adolescents.

ABSTRACTReturnee children often encounter numerous challenges during reintegration into new environments, potentially leading to mental health issues. However, existing research has been insufficient. This study explores the impact of parent–child relationships on the mental health of returnee children and analyses the mediating roles of social support and psychological resilience. Using cluster sampling, data were collected from 2279 primary and secondary students across six grades in a city in Jiangsu Province, including 441 returnee children and 1838 nonreturnee children. The findings showed that returnee children exhibited significantly more mental health issues compared to nonreturnee children. Significant positive correlations were found between parent–child relationships, social support and psychological resilience, while these factors negatively correlated with mental health issues. Further analysis revealed that parent–child relationships affected returnee children's mental health through the mediating effects of social support and psychological resilience, as well as a chain mediating effect. Therefore, parents and educators should enhance social support and psychological resilience in returnee children to strengthen the positive impact of parent–child relationships on their mental health. These findings have important implications for the prevention and intervention of mental health issues among returnee children.

The associations among social frailty, psychological resilience, and cognitive function, as well as their variations across sex and age, remain to be explored. The objective of the present study was to investigate these complex relationships in older adults. This study included 5555 participants from the CLHLS and categorized them into socially robust (n = 2229; 40.12%), social pre-frailty (n = 2624; 47.24%), and social frailty (n = 702; 12.64%) groups. The relationship between social frailty and cognitive outcomes was analyzed using logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines. The combined effects of social frailty and psychological resilience on cognitive outcomes were also analyzed. The mediating role of psychological resilience was evaluated using the SPSS PROCESS macro program. Social pre-frailty (odds ratio [OR]: 1.81, 95%CI: 1.48-2.21) and social frailty (OR: 2.40, 95%CI: 1.87-3.09) were positively associated with cognitive impairment. Furthermore, social pre-frailty (OR: 1.71, 95%CI: 1.47-2.00), and social frailty (OR: 2.10, 95%CI: 1.69-2.60) were also positively associated with greater cognitive decline. Adverse cognitive outcomes demonstrated a nonlinear relationship with social frailty. Compared to individuals with social robustness and high psychological resilience, those with social frailty and low psychological resilience demonstrated higher odds ratios of developing cognitive impairment (OR: 3.65, 95%CI: 2.61-5.10) and experiencing greater cognitive decline (OR: 3.05; 95%CI: 2.33-4.00). The relationship between social frailty and negative cognitive outcomes was more pronounced among women and individuals younger than 80 years and exhibited a nonlinear pattern. Psychological resilience mediated the relationship between social frailty and cognitive outcomes in men (β = -0.0091, P < 0.05) and individuals with advanced age (β = -0.0087, P < 0.05). Social frailty is an independent influencing factor of adverse cognitive outcomes. Psychological resilience mediates the relationship between social frailty and cognitive function in men and subjects of advanced age.

Spiritual Intelligence is very important for everyone to have, especially students at the private Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Because spiritual intelligence is the highest intelligence among other intelligence. By having high spiritual intelligence, a person will become a worthy person, both in terms of his faith and Islam. Private Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang has a goal, namely to provide students with spiritual depth. So private Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang implements several strategies to increase the spiritual intelligence of students at the private Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. This research uses qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The object of this research was carried out at the dormitory Sunan Ampel Al-Aly private Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, and documentation. Data sources in this research include murobbi, musyrif, and students. The data analysis techniques used in this research are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The triangulation used to test the validity of the data is technique and source triangulation. The research results show that (1) dormitory Sunan Aampel Al-Aly's strategy for increasing spiritual intelligence in the student dormitory at the private Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang consists of three stages: Emotional Clarification, Mental Development, and Personal and Social Resilience. In order to clarify emotions, dormitory Sunan Ampel Al-Aly implemented a program of ubudiyah activities: istighosah, wirdul lathif, rotibul haddad, tahlil, yasin, al-kahfi, tashih Al-Qur'an, and birthday diba'iyah. As for dormitory's mental development, Sunan Ampel Al-Aly held ta'lim afkar by studying the book qomi'ut tughyan. Furthermore, for personal and social resilience, dormitories Sunan Ampel Al-Aly held ta'lim afkar by studying the book of tadzhib. (2) The impact of Sunan Ampel Al-Aly's dormitory strategy in increasing spiritual intelligence in the students' dormitory at the private Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang is: increasing spiritual awareness of students, strengthening mental and emotional resilience, improving the quality of interpersonal relationships.

IntroductionLesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals with high psychological resilience are less likely to experience minority stress and mental health issues. This study will investigate the role of psychological resilience in the relationship between internalized homophobia and social anxiety among LGB individuals.ObjectivesLGB individuals experience higher levels of social anxiety compared to heterosexual individuals. This is due to internalized homophobia, a result of minority stress. Psychological resilience is a significant factor that determines LGB individuals’ ability to cope with these challenges. This study aims to determine the levels of internalized homophobia, social anxiety, and psychological resilience in LGB individuals and to examine the relationships between these concepts. Additionally, the study will investigate the mediating role of psychological resilience in the impact of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of LGB individuals on internalized homophobia and social anxiety.MethodsThe study used a cross-sectional design to survey 131 LGB individuals. Participants were recruited through snowball and purposive sampling. Data was collected using sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires, the Internalized Homophobia Scale, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, and Adult Resilience Scale.ResultsGay individuals exhibited significantly higher levels of psychological resilience and lower levels of social anxiety compared to lesbian and bisexual individuals. Factors such as younger age, lower socioeconomic status, unemployment, female gender, suicide attempts, seeking psychological support and partial disclosure of sexual orientation were associated with higher levels of social anxiety. A negative correlation was found between levels of social anxiety and psychological resilience. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between the social resources subscale of psychological resilience and levels of internalized homophobia. Structural style, social resources, and social competence subscales of social anxiety and psychological resilience were found to be significant predictors of internalized homophobia.ConclusionsThis study provides a deeper understanding of the psychological challenges faced by LGB individuals and the underlying factors contributing to these challenges. It particularly focuses on the complex relationships between internalized homophobia, social anxiety, and psychological resilience. Attending to internalized homophobia and social anxiety in the assessment of LGB individuals is crucial for preventing mental health issues and enhancing psychological resilience. These findings may contribute to the development of more effective psychological support programs for LGB individuals.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared