Abstract
SnO2/MnOx nanocomposites with manganese content up to [Mn]/([Mn]+[Sn]) = 10 mol.% were prepared using chemical precipitation and impregnation-annealing techniques and examined using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass-spectrometry with inductive coupled plasma. Manganese distribution between the bulk and the surface of SnO2 crystal grains depending on the total manganese concentration was determined and the chemical state of both type (bulk and surface) manganese cations was identified. Strong correlations of sensor signal toward C1 volatile organic compounds (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid) and C1–C4 carbonic acids (formic, acetic, propionic, butyric) with the total manganese content, manganese distribution and chemical state were revealed.
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