Abstract
H2 evolution by photocatalytic water splitting has attracted a lot of attention due to the global depletion of oil resources. Therefore, much effort is devoted to develop low-cost, highly active photocatalysts. Here, a facile strategy is proposed for the synthesis of low Pt content Sn2+-doped double-shelled Pt/TiO2 hollow nanocatalyst (DHS–PtSn2+) with excellent solar H2 production properties. After calcination in N2, DHS–PtSn2+ showed highest photocatalytic H2 production rate of 28 502 μmol h–1 g–1, nearly threefold higher than the Sn4+-doped counterpart, thereby demonstrating better synergistic effect of Sn2+ than Sn4+ in H2 evolution. The influences of calcination atmosphere, Sn2+ content, and Sn/Pt atomic ratio on H2 production have been investigated with a series of contrast experiments. Besides, the proposed Sn2+-doping strategy could also be applied in other light-sensitive materials (e.g., homemade TiO2 nanoparticles, commercial P25, and g-C3N4), suggesting its extensive applications in H2 product...
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