Abstract
BackgroundSmokers with comorbid anxio-depressive disorders are more prone to progress to a more severe level of dependence and to experience more severe nicotine withdrawal symptoms than smokers without anxio-depressive disorders.Aim of the studyTo determine the relationship between tobacco dependence and anxio-depressive disorders as well as assessing their impact on the withdrawal.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among attendees of the smoking cessation clinic of Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia, from December 2009 to May 2015. The monitoring of the attendees was performed through retrieving the records until May 2016 in order to verify their smoking cessation status at 1 year.ResultsOverall, 534 smokers were included. We identified 315 smokers (59%) presenting an anxio-depressive disorder. Based on the HAD scale, we found 231 patients (43.4%) with anxiety disorders, 200 (37.6%) patients with depressive disorders, and 116 (21.8%) patients with anxio-depressive disorder.In multivariate analysis, only a high number of consultation was associated with a better rate of tobacco cessation at 6 months. However, no factor was found linked to the relapse at 1 year.ConclusionAccording to our results, only a high number of consultation was revealed as an independent factor of withdrawal for anxio-depressed smokers. It is necessary to simultaneously use the nicotinic substitutions and anxio-depressive treatment to ensure the tobacco cessation.
Highlights
Smoking is considered a chronic disease caused by nicotine dependence and is one of the main risk factors for various diseases [1]
3.2 Anxio-depressive disorders and smoking cessation We identified 315 smokers (59%) presenting an anxio-depressive disorder among the 534 attendees of the smoking cessation clinic
The results found by Mumtaz et al [29] confirmed that the symptoms of depression, anxiety, or agoraphobia were more severe in smokers strongly dependent than among non-dependent ones
Summary
Smoking is considered a chronic disease caused by nicotine dependence and is one of the main risk factors for various diseases [1]. Smoking is estimated to cause about 71% of all lung cancer deaths, 42% of chronic respiratory disease, and nearly 10% of cardiovascular disease. Smoking is an important risk factor for communicable. Cigarette smoking behavior is defined as actively smoking one or more manufactured or hand-rolled cigarettes with the intention to inhale the tobacco smoke [4]. Smoking is a social behavior that results in a physical and psychological dependence requiring a specific treatment. Smokers with comorbid anxio-depressive disorders are more prone to progress to a more severe level of dependence and to experience more severe nicotine withdrawal symptoms than smokers without anxiodepressive disorders
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