Smoking Cessation Intention Among Indonesian Smokers: The Role of Health Knowledge and Anti-smoking Advertising.

This study examined the influence of oral health factors, including oral health status, behaviors, and service utilization, on smoking cessation intentions among current smokers. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the Korean Community Health Survey (2010–2023), which included 551,982 current smokers. The primary outcome was smoking cessation intention, and key predictors included self-rated oral health, chewing difficulty, periodontal symptoms, oral health behaviors (brushing after lunch, flossing), and service utilization (dental checkups, dental scaling, unmet dental care needs). Multiple logistic regression models were employed, adjusting for sociodemographic and smoking-related factors. Among smokers, 66.3% intended to quit. Our findings suggest that several oral health-related factors are modestly but significantly associated with smoking cessation intention among current smokers. Specifically, individuals with better self-rated oral health were slightly more likely to report an intention to quit smoking (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.01–1.19). Similarly, chewing difficulty was positively associated with cessation intention (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.05–1.25), possibly reflecting heightened perceived health risks. Positive oral hygiene behaviors, such as brushing after lunch (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.07–1.22) and flossing (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.11–1.34), were also associated with increased quit intention, suggesting a broader health-conscious attitude. Additionally, unmet dental care needs were associated with greater likelihood of quit intention (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.08–1.27), potentially indicating increased awareness of healthcare access and oral disease burden. These findings suggest that both adverse oral health experiences and positive oral health behaviors are associated with increased smoking cessation intention among current smokers, highlighting the relevance of oral health as a multidimensional factor in motivating quit attempts.

BackgroundTobacco consumption is the leading cause of death worldwide. Overwhelming studies demonstrate graphic warning labels (GWLs) on cigarette packs are effective in eliciting negative response to tobacco smoking, modifying beliefs about tobacco dangers, and increasing reported intention to quit, but the estimated effect of GWLs on smoking cessation intention among smokers is still limited in China. In this study, we aim to understand the smoking intensity, smoking duration and smoking cessation intention among current smokers, and to explore how their smoking cessation intention would be influenced by the GWLs in Shanghai.MethodsFrom January to June 2021, we totally recruited 1104 current smokers in Songjiang district and Fengxian district of Shanghai by multistage sampling design. We used Android pad assisted electronic questionnaire for data collection, and then implemented logistic regression for odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) calculation to explore how smoking cessation intention would be influenced by the GWLs among current smokers.ResultsOne thousand one hundred four current smokers included 914 males (82.79%), with an average age of 43.61 years. 58.06% of current smokers reported smoking cessation intention due to GWLs. Logistic regression indicated a higher percentage of smoking cessation intention due to GWLs was among female smokers [OR = 2.41, 95% CI (1.61–3.59)], smokers with smoking intensity < 20 cigarette/day [OR = 1.92, 95% CI (1.44–2.55)], smokers with tobacco burden < 20% [OR = 1.94, 95% CI (1.35–2.79)], and among smokers had plan to quit in a year [OR = 6.58, 95% CI (4.71–9.18). Smokers with higher individual monthly income had lower percentage of smoking cessation intention (OR were 0.35, 0.46 and 0.41). Meanwhile, among 642 current smokers without plan to quit in a year, approximately 40% of them reported smoking cessation intention due to GWLs.ConclusionsSmoking cessation intention due to the assumed GWLs on cigarette packs is high among current smokers in Shanghai, especially in female smokers, smokers with light tobacco burden and mild nicotine dependence. Incorporating smoking intensity as well as smoking burden into the implementation of GWLs as tobacco control measures would discourage smoking in China.

ABSTRACTViet Nam is among the countries having highest rate of male smokers in the world. The country has joined the Global Tobacco Surveillance System since 2010. Under this system, two rounds of Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) were conducted in 2010 and 2015. Those two surveys provide excellent comparable data on tobacco usage and its related aspects in Vietnam. This study using the data from GATS 2015 to examine the salience and impact of cigarette pack health warnings on quitting intention in Vietnam. The Vietnam GATS 2015 was a nationally representative survey in which 9,513 households were selected using two-stage random systematic sampling method. Results of multivariate analysis showed that the strongest predictor for quit intention because of health warnings was “ever made a quit attempt in the past 12 months” followed by “believes that tobacco smoking causes serious illness”. Compared to GATS 2010, GATS 2015 observed the increase in salience of cigarette health warnings. However, the current pictorial health warnings are losing their impact on motivating intention to quit. The results highlight that it is time to start the rotation cycle to refresh the current health warning set. Actions to select a new and more impressive set of pictorial health warnings should be developed as soon as possible.

IntroductionDual use of tobacco products has gained increasing attention due to its potential implications for tobacco control efforts. This study utilized data from the 2022-2023 Vietnam Population-based Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Survey (PGATS) to examine the association between dual tobacco use (conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes) and smoking cessation intention among Vietnamese adults aged 15 years and older.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 9821 adults who were currently smokers from 30 provinces and cities in Vietnam. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire adapted from previous rounds of PGATS and administered via the REDCap platform. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models, including refined models, were employed to examine the association between dual tobacco use and smoking cessation intention.ResultsAmong the 9821 smokers, 5.4% reported smoking cessation intention within the next month, 15.1% within the next 12 months, and the remaining participants had no quit plan. Dual users accounted for 1.8% of the sample. After adjusting for potential confounders, dual users were associated with higher odds of smoking cessation intention compared to single conventional cigarette use, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.53 (95% CI: 1.09-2.16).ConclusionAlthough dual tobacco use was uncommon among Vietnamese adult smokers, it was associated with a higher likelihood of smoking cessation. These findings suggest the need for future research into usage patterns, user motivations, and contextual factors that influence cessation behavior and sustaining this behavior.

Each year, tobacco use causes approximately 7 million deaths worldwide, including approximately 6 million among tobacco users and an estimated 890,000 among nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke (1). Tobacco use is a leading preventable cause of disease globally and has been determined to cause adverse health outcomes such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and multiple types of cancer, including lung cancer (2-4). Approximately 80% of the world's 1.1 billion tobacco smokers reside in low- and middle-income countries (4). Some persons do not fully understand the health risks associated with tobacco smoking (5-9), and studies have indicated that increasing knowledge about the adverse health effects of smoking can contribute to decreases in smoking, increases in cessation attempts, and increases in successful cessation (3,7,10). CDC analyzed 2008-2016 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data from 28 countries to assess tobacco smoking prevalence, quit attempts, and knowledge about tobacco smoking risks among persons aged ≥15 years. Across countries, the median prevalence of tobacco smoking was 22.5%, and a median of 42.5% of tobacco smokers had made a quit attempt in the preceding 12 months. The median prevalences of knowing that tobacco smoking causes stroke, heart attack, and lung cancer were 73.6%, 83.6%, and 95.2%, respectively. Implementation of proven tobacco control interventions, including strategies that increase knowledge about the health risks posed by tobacco use, might help to reduce tobacco use and tobacco-related disease, including heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer (3-5).

The current study aims to reveal whether using COVID-19 as the threatening message in anti-smoking ads will influence smokers differently than other threat appeals. All ads that were chosen for this study were created by the Israel Cancer Association/the Israeli Ministry of Health. Since the coronavirus has proven to have far-reaching effects on the human respiratory system, it is directly connected to smoking. The present study included semi-structured in-depth interviews with experts, a pre-test (n = 106) and an online questionnaire including 721 participants (adults aged 18–30 versus 55+). The findings indicated that when using the COVID-19 symbol as the threatening message in an anti-smoking ad for the older participants, smoking cessation intentions were higher than when using a cigarette simulating a ‘gunpoint’ threat (p < 0.08). Additionally, when using the COVID-19 symbol, there was a positive relation between participants’ age and smoking cessation intentions. The average smoking cessation intention for the participants from the older age group (M = 3.05, SD = 1.07) was higher than the average for the participants from the young age group (M = 2.80, SD = 1.13). Finally, when using impotence (for men) and pregnancy risks (for women) as the threatening message in the ads for young respondents, smoking cessation intentions were higher than when using COVID-19 (p < 0.05). The results may help decision-makers and public health officials in choosing the marketing communication suited for conveying messages aimed to encourage people to reduce/quit smoking.

Knowledge and individual perceptions about adverse effects of all forms of tobacco exert direct influence on the level of tobacco consumption in various socio-demographic groups. The objective of this study was to determine the nature, extent and demographic correlates of knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of use of tobacco among adults in low and middle income countries. The Global Adult Tobacco Survey, conducted in fourteen different countries from 2008-2010, was sourced for the data analyzed in this study. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted to determine the prevalent knowledge and individual perceptions amongst adults about all forms of tobacco consumption. There was relatively high awareness about the harmful effects of smoking tobacco with main awareness being about its relationship with lung cancer (>90% in most countries). In contrast, there was relatively low awareness about harmful effects of smokeless tobacco (< 90% in all countries except India and Bangladesh), and observed correlations of smoking tobacco with heart attacks (40.6% in China, 65.1% in India) and stroke (28.2% in China, 50.5% in India). A large proportion of adults living in low and middle income countries possess adequate knowledge about smoking tobacco but have inadequate awareness as well as false perceptions about smokeless forms of tobacco. Popular beliefs of inverse relationships of tobacco consumption with knowledge, attitudes and perception of populations towards tobacco are challenged by the findings of this study.

Background & objectives This study aimed to compare the prevalence and identify the patterns of second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure among non-smoking Indian youth (ages 15-24 and 25-29 yr) in various settings-homes, workplaces, public places, and a combination of these locations-based on sociodemographic factors and knowledge about the health implications of smoking. The purpose of the study was to identify the factors influencing SHS exposure in India between the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) I and II. Methods Secondary data analysis was conducted utilising GATS I and II data to analyse the prevalence and patterns of SHS exposure at home, workplace, public place and all the places combined among non-smoking youths aged 15-29 yr. The study sample included 20,604 and 20,927 individuals for GATS I and II, respectively. The predictor variables included the sociodemographic variables and the knowledge regarding the ill effects of smoking. Weighted prevalence was calculated using survey weights, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were utilised to examine the adjusted relationships between SHS exposure and predictors. Results Between GATS I and II, there was a notable decline in the weighted prevalence of SHS exposure at home and in public places among non-smoking youth aged 15-29 yr. The study also indicates an increase in workplace SHS exposure between the two rounds of GATS among non-smoking youth who had knowledge about the ill effects of SHS exposure on health. Multivariate regression analyses revealed significant associations between SHS exposure and gender, education level, employment status, place of residence, and wealth index, affecting exposure in one or more locations. Interpretation & conclusions Our secondary analysis of GATS data from 2009-10 to 2016-17 reveals a decline in SHS exposure at home and public places but an increase in workplaces among non-smoking youth. Factors like female gender, higher education, and wealth were linked to lower SHS exposure, while rural residence and self-employment indicated higher risks. These findings underscore the need for targeted, community-based interventions and stricter enforcement of anti-tobacco laws to protect non-smoking youth in India.

Background: The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) explanation of smoking cessation intentions consists of gender differences. The purpose of this study is to adopt the extended TPB to discuss factors influencing the smoking cessation intentions of young adult volunteer soldiers and to further compare the respective factors for both genders. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 139 and 165 male and female volunteer soldiers who smoked, respectively. Research participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that comprised items pertaining to the participants’ demographic characteristics, smoking behaviours, smoking cessation experiences, social environments, and TPB variables. Results: Subjective norms (friends) are a positive key factor for young adult male (β = 0.033, p = 0.012) and female (β = 0.076, p < 0.001) volunteer soldiers’ smoking cessation intentions, and perceived behavioural control is a key factor for male young (β = 0.226, p = 0.040) adult volunteer soldiers’ smoking cessation intention. The extended TPB accounted for 27.9% and 53.2% of the variance in the intention to quit smoking in the male and female volunteer soldiers, respectively. Conclusions: We suggest that smoking cessation strategies can reinforce gender-specific intervention strategies to assist young adult volunteer soldiers in smoking cessation.

Introduction: Usage of Tobacco is a global subject in healthcare, and in Mexico, which is one of the most significant causes of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is very important to monitor the patterns of tobacco consumption in Mexico for developing the effective policies and public health practices. Problem: Despite countrywide tobacco control initiatives, adults continue to use tobacco products which lead to serious health problems. Methodology: This study used the secondary dataset for data analysis obtained from Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2023 for Mexico. Descriptive statistical and statistical inferential were used to find the prevalence and patterns of tobacco use. This study also examined the association factors among the demographic, socio-economic and behavioral variables. Findings: The study finding presented that 19.3% of adults currently smoke with higher percentage of males (23.3%) than females (11.2%). Use of Tobacco was more in the age group of 25 to 34 years with 27.7% and expressively associated with lower educational attainment and specific occupational categories. Approximately 32.4% non-smokers reported exposure to secondhand smoke, while 42.8% of current smokers attempted to quit in the past 12 months. Awareness of health warnings on cigarette packaging was reported by C% of respondents, with measurable impact on cessation intentions. Conclusion: The study examined the key demographic and behavioral discrepancies in the use of tobacco in Mexico. This study emphasized the importance of targeted cessation strategies, strict enforcement of smoke free rules, and continuous monitoring to reduce tobacco related health risks with world strategies.

This presentation addresses the global tobacco epidemic as it enters its second century. The epidemic began in the late 19th century with the monopolistic rise of American Tobacco, the first multinational tobacco company. In the United States and Europe, smoking rates rose, first in men around the time of World War I, and subsequently in women, around the time of World War II. In these countries, smoking rates peaked in the 1950s and 1960s and have since declined substantially because of evidence-based tobacco control. However, smoking rates are now high among men in a number of low- and middle-income countries and the tobacco industry is aggressively marketing in these countries as its developed-country markets shrink. The most recent data on smoking at the global level were obtained through the new Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) for adults and through the ongoing Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). Using nationally representative household surveys with comparable methods to obtain relevant information from individuals aged 15 years or older in 14 low-income and middle-income countries (Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, and Vietnam), 48.6% (95% CI 47.6–49.6) of men and 11.3% (10.7–12.0) of women were current tobacco users. Early initiation of smoking in women and low quit ratios across many of the participating countries were also reported. The GYTS, a school-based survey of 13-15 year olds that has now been conducted in 140 countries and 11 territories worldwide for up to two rounds per country, has found that 9.5% (7.9-11.3) of children were regular smokers (12.1% of boys and 6.8% of girls). In 2012, tobacco control action by governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), academia and civil society as a whole, at international, national and sub-national levels, continues to be implemented with the impetus of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). The evidence foundation for tobacco control globally has been summarized by the World Health Organization in its MPOWER package: M for monitoring or surveillance; P for protection of nonsmokers from exposure to secondhand smoke; O for offering effective cessation; W for warn through appropriate pack warnings; E for enforcement of tobacco control policies and regulations; and R for raise taxes to an appropriate level. The GATS and the GYTS provide an approach for tracking the impact of tobacco control at the global level.

BackgroundSmokeless Tobacco (SLT) use is culturally rooted and more acceptable among women in India. SLT is a significant risk for oral cancers and has other adverse health outcomes on women’s general as well as reproductive health. This study aimed to estimate and compare the prevalence and correlates of SLT among adult females in India using Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), 2009–2010 (GATS 1) and 2016–2017 (GATS 2).MethodsData from a nationally representative cross-sectional study GATS 1 (n = 35,529) and GATS 2 (n = 40,265) were analysed for adult female smokeless tobacco users. Correlates of SLT exposure were assessed separately using binary logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done for the variables which computed p < 0.1. The association was expressed as Adjusted Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsThere was a reduction in prevalence of SLT use among women in India between GATS 1 (18.4%) and GATS 2 (12.8%). SLT use was highest among the North-Eastern women in both rounds [AOR: 4.567 (3.942–5.292) during GATS-1 and 9.149 (7.722–10.839) during GATS-2]. Odisha had highest prevalence of 56.53% while Himachal Pradesh had lowest 0.14% during the recent GATS 2 survey. 33.3% vs. 34.80% of the participants were willing to quit tobacco in Central region across both rounds of survey.ConclusionsAlthough, smokeless tobacco prevalence among females has reduced between 2009 and 2016 in India, yet tobacco control strategies need further pace. Hence, more focused gender-based tobacco control programs and policies are the need of time.

Background: Although substantial efforts have been made to curtail smoking in Vietnam, the 2010 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) revealed that the proportion of male adults currently smoking remains high at 47.4%.Objectives: To determine the level of, and characteristics associated with, knowledge of the health consequences of smoking among Vietnamese adults.Design: GATS 2010 was designed to survey a nationally representative sample of Vietnamese men and women aged 15 and older drawn from 11,142 households using a two-stage sampling design. Descriptive statistics were calculated and multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations between postulated exposure factors (age, education, access to information, ethnic group etc.) and knowledge on health risks.Results: General knowledge on the health risks of active smoking (AS) and exposure to second hand smoke (SHS) was good (90% and 83%, respectively). However, knowledge on specific diseases related to tobacco smoking (stroke, heart attack, and lung cancer) appeared to be lower (51.5%). Non-smokers had a significantly higher likelihood of demonstrating better knowledge on health risks related to AS (OR 1.6) and SHS (OR 1.7) than smokers. Adults with secondary education, college education or above also had significantly higher levels knowledge of AS/SHS health risks than those with primary education (AS: ORs 1.6, 1.7, and 1.9, respectively, and SHS: ORs 2.4, 3.9, and 5.7 respectively). Increasing age was positively associated with knowledge of the health consequences of SHS, and access to information was significantly associated with knowledge of AS/SHS health risks (ORs 2.3 and 1.9 respectively). Otherwise, non-Kinh ethnic groups had significantly less knowledge on health risks of AS/SHS than Kinh ethnic groups.Conclusions: It may be necessary to target tobacco prevention programs to specific subgroups including current smokers, adults with low education, non-Kinh ethnics in order to increase their knowledge on health risks of smoking. Comprehensive messages and/or images about specific diseases related to AS/SHS should be conveyed using of different channels and modes specific to local cultures to increase knowledge on smoking health consequences for general population.

This study explored strategies to increase Chinese smokers’ cessation intentions, using the extended parallel processing model, or EPPM. A 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment was designed to examine the effects of self-oriented threat (present vs. absent), other-oriented threat (present vs. absent), and efficacy (present vs. absent) on smoking cessation intention. A total of 324 Chinese smokers aged 18–64 years participated in this study. The results revealed significant main effects of self-oriented threat, other-oriented threat, and efficacy on cessation intentions. Moreover, the presence of other-oriented threat was important, and the combination of presence of other-oriented threat and the presence of efficacy led to the greatest willingness to quit smoking, regardless of the presence of a self-oriented threat.

Social cognitive predictors of smoking cessation intentions among smoker employees: The roles of anticipated regret and social norms