Abstract
Fluoro-solid phase extraction (fluoro-SPE) has been well established to selectively extract targets after they have been fluoro-tagged. Here we report that this technique can also be used to selectively extract fluorosurfactants of PFAS (per- and poly-fluoroakyl substances), which have fluoro-carbon skeletons, from other anionic surfactants that have no fluoro-carbon skeletons. We advance the fluoro-SPE protocol to enable the extraction of fluorosurfactants using 4-5 times (in volume) more solvent for fluorophilic eluting in effort to overcome the strong interaction between the fluorosurfactants and the fluoro-Gel. Based on a smartphone-based app we developed recently to assess the colouration of fluorosurfactants with a dye (ethyl violet) that is similar to MBAS (methylene blue active substances), plus an SPE for pre-concentration and fluoro-SPE for pre-selection, we successfully achieve a detection limit of 1 ppb for the PFAS including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonate (6:2FTS), which is encouraging and can be conducted in a general laboratory.
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