Abstract
Biomimetic intelligent conductive hydrogels integrating flexibility, signal sensing, and contactless actuation has become ideal candidates for the production of electronic skins, wearable devices, and soft robotics. However, the development of multifunctional smart hydrogels capable of both sensing and actuating simultaneously to enhance intelligent interaction interfaces remains a significant challenge. Herein, a multifunctional hydrogel composite with integrated sensing and actuating capabilities is proposed through the incorporation of Fe3+-tannic acid (TA) coordination compound-coated carbon nanotubes (Fe-TA@SWNT) and the in-situ formation of conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) inside the hydrogel networks composed of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and a copolymer of acrylic acid (AA) and [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide (SBMA). Benefiting from multiple effective dynamic interactions within the internal matrix, the prepared hydrogel exhibits excellent stretchability (1283.42 % elongation) and toughness (1.11 MJ/m3). Additionally, the catechol groups carried by Fe-TA@SWNT, along with the zwitterionic monomer SBMA, provide the hydrogel with repeatable self-adhesion performance. Based on the outstanding photothermal effect of Fe-TA@SWNT and PPy, the hydrogel demonstrates reversible and stable photothermal responsiveness, exhibiting exceptional actuation performance under near-infrared (NIR) radiation. As a strain sensor, the hydrogel shows excellent sensitivity (GF = 3.32), rapid response time, and reliable stability, enabling precise monitoring of various physiological signals in the human body, including joint movements, facial expressions, and heartbeats. Therefore, this work significantly expands the application prospects of multifunctional smart hydrogels in fields of wearable electronics, soft robotics, and remote light-controlled devices.
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