SMART MECHANICS — A NEW DIRECTION IN MODERN MECHANICS

The features of determining the main hydrodynamic parameters of the process of soil electrokinetic treatment are considered. The main problem in determining these parameters is the complexity of the research and the necessity to use special laboratory equipment. One of the ways to solve this problem is proposed to use computer simulation of physical processes occurring in clay soils subjected to electroosmotic and electrochemical (ECP) processing. The results of calculations of the hydrodynamic parameters of the process of soils electrochemical treatment carried out according to the developed methodology of experimental- analytical assessment of the clay soils electrical and hydrodynamic parameters according to the results of physical and computer modeling of processes in the area of electroosmotic processing are presented. The results of comparing hydrodynamic parameters calculated by computer simulation of unsteady physical processes occurring in clay soils during their electroosmotic and electrochemical processing are presented.

In this paper, for obtaining the influence of otter board heeling condition, a trawl system mechanical matching calculation model was established based on the equilibrium equation of otter board and tension equation of wrap, a widely used low aspect ratio vertical cambered otter board was selected, based on the hydrodynamic performance experiment data, combining with the data of Longteng vessel and four patch and big mesh size mid water trawl experiment results, mechanical calculation and analysis under heeling condition was conducted, the attack angle, warp tension and length, net depth, horizontal drag force and other trawl system parameters were obtained. The influences of otter board parameters under heeling condition were analyzed, the rules of mechanical matching calculation under heeling were summarized, it was proved that: warp tension and net depth increases with the increase of outward heeling angle, the range was separately 18145N-18225N and 51.2m-52.4m; decreases with the increase of inward heeling angle; the range was separately 49.6m-51.2m and 18069N-18145N.

There is an increasing interest in the numerical modelling of physical and biological processes using cellular automata or cellular systems. One of the main advantages in using the concept of cellular systems is the inherent high degree of parallelism. The purpose of the contribution is to formally relate two different areas: time‐domain modelling of physical processes using cellular systems and massive parallel implementations. At first, an overview of applications of cellular systems in computation theory and in modelling of physical systems and an overview of implementations of cellular systems is given. The subsequent sections address the following two questions: (1) Which class of algorithms can be interpreted as cellular systems. (2) Can cellular systems be efficiently simulated on a given parallel architecture. Results concerning these issues are presented.

The technique of research of dynamic processes of elements of engineering constructions of special purpose from explosive action of projectiles is developed. Elastically reinforced beams with hinged ends were chosen for the physical model of elements of engineering structures. It is assumed that the elastic properties of the latter satisfy the nonlinear technical law of elasticity. A mathematical model of the process of a series of impact actions of projectiles at different points of the element of the protective structure is constructed. The latter is a boundary value problem for a partial differential equation. Its peculiarity is that the external dynamic action is a discrete function of linear and time variables. To determine the dynamic effect of a series of impacts on the object under study, and thus the level of protection of the structure, the basic ideas of perturbation theory methods are extended to new classes of systems. This allowed to obtain an analytical dependence of the deformation of the elastically reinforced element on the basic physical and mechanical characteristics of the material of the protective element, its reinforcement and the characteristics of the external action of the projectiles. It is shown that the most dangerous cases, given the security of the structure, are those when the impact is repeated at equal intervals, in addition, the point of impact is closer to the middle of the protective element. The obtained theoretical results can be the basis for selection at the stage of designing the main physical and mechanical characteristics of the elements of engineering structures and their reinforcement in order to reliably protect personnel and equipment from the maximum possible impact on it of the shock series of projectiles. The reliability of the obtained results is confirmed by: a) generalization of widely tested methods to new classes of dynamical systems; b) obtaining in the limit case the consequences known in scientific sources concerning the linearly elastic characteristics of the elements of protective structures; c) their consistency with the essence of the physical process itself, which is considered in the work.

Physical geography and human geography are the principal branches of the geographical sciences. Physical process simulation and human process simulation in geography are both quantitative methods used to recover past events and even to forecast events based on precisely determined parameters. There are four differences between physical process simulation and human process simulation in geography, which we summarize with two specific cases, one of which is about a typhoon’s development and its precipitation, and the other of which is regarding the evolution of three industrial structures in China. The differences focus on four aspects: the main factors of the research framework; the knowledge background of the systematic analysis framework; the simulation data sources and quantitative method; and the core of the study object and the method of forecast application. As the human-land relationship is the key ideology of the man-land system, the relationship between the physical and human factors is becoming increasingly close at present. Physical process simulation and human process simulation in geography will exhibit crossing and blending in the future to reflect the various geographical phenomena better.

One of the promising areas of digitalization of the economy today is associated with the concept of digital twins of technical systems. Digital twins based on simulation models of technical devices, which are calibrated according to the results of experimental studies on a real-time device are of great interest. Such models allow us to conduct preventive analysis of the operation consequences of these devices in various modes. Thus, a problem occurs to develop parametrically coupled models of physical processes of various natures that underlie the principles of operation of these devices. Currently, for these purposes, simulation software packages are used. MatLab Simulink software is the most popular one. However, not all such software packages provide tools to work with chain models of all physical processes that are of the user interest. Thus, the purpose of this article is to develop methods to construct digital twins of technical devices using models of arbitrary physical processes (in particular, thermal) based on electrical equivalent circuits. It unifies the task of modeling processes based on circuit theory. To develop the method to construct digital twins, the authors have applied the phenomenon of isomorphism of equations of physical processes based on the theory of circuits that is based on the theory of ordinary differential equations. The simulation has been carried out in the MatLab Simulink environment using the SimScape library for modeling physical processes. Assumptions typical for circuit theory are made during simulation. A method has been developed to construct simulation models based on the use of electrical equivalent circuits of physical processes of an arbitrary nature. In contrast to existing approaches, where the analogy method is used to simulate one of the processes of the researcher interest, it is proposed to develop a single integrated model of all physical processes underlying the operation of this class of devices. It will reduce the level of requirements for simulation systems by limiting the requested functionality of these systems to electrical circuits only. The proposed method can be used as the basis for the development of digital twins of technical devices that allow simulating their operation in arbitrary modes, considering a variety of related factors of different physical nature.

An algorithm for determining the electrical and hydrodynamic parameters of soils during their electroosmotic treatment is presented. The results of computer simulation of non-stationary physical processes occurring in clay soils during the flow of electric current without the introduction of active solutions are given.

Retail enterprises are embracing new technologies to provide innovative services to customers and engage them. Unmanned retail stores offer a completely new seamless shopping experience for customers. Moreover, artificial intelligence (AI) technology and sophisticated customer behavior should be explored in depth to develop a smart system to serve customers. This study focused on achieving a sustainable user experience with a smart system installed in an autonomous store. The development of core functions and a rule-based knowledge set are regarded as the most important tasks in designing autonomous services. In the case study, the core functions were developed on the basis of the design science concept and the rule-based knowledge set was constructed using the action research approach. The developed smart system was optimized to understand in-store customer behavior by continuously observing and refining the user experience. The practical experience of this study provides insights into AI technology use in retailing and can guide enterprises in developing smart systems.

The physical models of the processes which are studied, play a special role in forming at students the fundamental basis knowledge. Simulation of physical phenomena and processes greatly facilitates mastering of educational material, conducting of experimental researches. However, the analysis of the educational process gives grounds to assert that the level of formation of basic knowledge and their strength in the high school do not meet the declared. Our studies have shown that in recent years there has been a significant decrease in the quality of teaching physics in institutions of general secondary education. Strength and quality of knowledge essentially depends on the level of formation of the physical model of the studied phenomenon. In connection with this, there is a need to develop a methodology for the formation of a qualitative model of the basic physical theories that are studied in the course of physics. In our study, conducted during the 2017-2019 academic years, we tested the pedagogical effectiveness of the proposed method for building strong basic knowledge based on the construction of imaginary physical models of processes and phenomena in high school students. Experimental training was conducted in general education institutions of the city of Berdiansk and Berdyansk region. In the experiment, at this stage, 86 students were enrolled. Students of the X-XI grades took part in the testing. Experimental and control groups were identified. By random sampling, a sample of 44 experimental students and 42 pupils of the control group was compiled from the students who participated in the experimental training. On the basis of the pedagogical experiment conducted by us, testing of the effectiveness of the proposed method for the formation of solid basic knowledge based on the construction of physical models of processes and phenomena in high school students leads to the conclusion that it is expedient. After all, there is a decrease of primary and secondary educational achievements of pupils by 39.5% and an increase of sufficient and high levels by 38.4%. Key words: theory and methods of teaching physics, pedagogical experiment, senior school, physical models, basic knowledge.

The article deals with the problem of future physics specialist preparation in modern conditions of cardinal updating the educational in Ukraine content,which is based on tendencies of globalization, integration, fundamentalization, humanization, continuity, differentiation, individualization, informatization, diversification, multilevel and standardization of modernity and standardization processes. It has been found out that issues that bring the content of education and its forms 1)into perspective directions of socio-economic development of the country; 2) in accordance with international educational requirements and standards, are based on the principles of a competent approach. In this regard, the problem of forming competent university graduates studying in the educational programs "Secondary Education (Physics)", "Physics and Astronomy" and "Applied Physics and Nanomaterials" under new conditions is acute. Methodical approaches to creation and development of innovative educational environment in physics defined by the competence-oriented education paradigm, which is based on the integrated usage of modern methods, techniques, technologies and means of ICT for forming competent graduates of physical specialists are presented. It is determined that special attention needs to be given to strengthening the practical orientation of teaching physics and the applied importance of physical knowledge in the modern conditions of creation and development of innovative educational environment in physics in higher education institutions. It is suggested to use computer modeling of physical phenomena and processes in practical classes in order to form the students’ subject competences (for example, studying the section "Optics" of the general course of physics). The article gives examples of such physical tasks in optics, the results of which can be analyzed and presented in the form of computer models or graphical dependencies, or involve the programming of certain physical dependencies for further studying by a computer model or graphical interpretation. Key words: competency approach, subject competence in physics, computer simulation of physical processes, physical problems, methods of teaching physics at university.

This article introduces artificial intelligence techniques in mathematical modelling of complex systems and their applications. Mathematical modelling of complex systems is a method of studying the structure and behaviour of complex systems, aiming to understand interactions and nonlinear effects in the system. Commonly used modelling methods include system dynamics, network theory, and algebraic methods. Artificial intelligence technologies include machine learning and deep learning, which can be used for tasks such as prediction and classification, anomaly detection, optimization and decision-making. In mathematical modelling of complex systems, artificial intelligence technology can learn system patterns and laws from large amounts of data, and can be applied to image and speech recognition, time series analysis and other fields. Deep learning and machine learning are important branches of artificial intelligence. They realize the modelling and analysis of complex systems by building neural network models. Data-driven modelling is a modelling method based on actual data that, combined with traditional theoretical modelling, can better describe and predict the behaviour of complex systems. Self-control of complex systems means that the system realizes its own optimization and adjustment through adaptive control algorithms and feedback mechanisms. In summary, artificial intelligence technology has broad application prospects in mathematical modelling of complex systems and will provide new tools and methods for in-depth understanding and solving problems in complex systems.

The visual communication design and application under Big data and Artificial intelligence technology have developed widely, and the demand for comprehensive talents is getting higher and higher. This study conducted a wide range of investigations through the actual situation of visual design applications under Artificial intelligence and Big data technology, and conducted in-depth analysis of the status and existing problems in the entire visual communication design, comprehensively using data analysis methods, and designing the design process. Among them, the effect of technical coverage is in-depth evaluation, and an effective analysis of Artificial intelligence technology has promoted the role of visual communication design. In the entire design process, the deficiencies and shortcomings of existence have been adopted to laid a more solid foundation for the extensive development of the design. The research combines data analysis and modeling calculation. Through the comparison of several data in the field of visual communication in the era of Artificial intelligence in recent years, it summarizes the internal laws of its development, and then assigns values to various influencing factors through modeling. So as to explore a more optimized development direction and strategy.

At present, electron sources are essential in a wide range of applications – from common technical use to exploring the nature of matter. Depending on the application requirements, different methods and materials are used to generate electrons. State of-the-art accelerator applications set a number of often-contradicting requirements for electron sources (e.g., high quantum efficiency vs. high spin-polarization, high current density vs. long lifetime, etc). Development of advanced electron sources includes modeling and design of cathodes, material growth, fabrication of cathodes, and cathode testing. The detailed simulation and modeling of physical processes are required in order to shed light on the exact mechanisms of electron emission and to develop new-generation electron sources with optimized efficiency. The purpose of the present work is to study physical processes in prominent electron sources and to develop scientific tools that could be used to predict electron emission from novel nano-structured materials. In particular, the Monte Carlo model has been implemented and used to study photoemission from Negative Electron Affinity (NEA) GaAs widely used to provide spin-polarized electron beams for many accelerator facilities, including Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. According to our best knowledge, this is the first to date scientific tool to simulate the complete from-excitation-to-emission-into-vacuum photoemission of spin-polarized electrons from NEA GaAs based on the details of material band structure. Moreover, an effective image-processing algorithm has been developed and used to study field emission properties of Nitrogen-incorporated UltraNanoCrystalline Diamond ((N)UNCD) films. The algorithm processes large sets of image micrographs representing field emission sites formed on the anode plate and therefore provides significant information about the field emission area and the current density. The field emission model from convenient semiconductors has been modified and used to study the influence of the space-charge region and the electric-field-dependent electron mobility on the field emission characteristics of (N)UNCD field emitters.

In the process of the exploitation of heavy oil, the energy loss of the ground steam pipelines directly affects the effect of steam injection thermal recovery, reasonable calculation model is important for establishing the surface energy of the steam pipelines. There are already some calculation models about the ground steam pipe energy loss, however there are still shortcomings of the application on the actual on-site engineering calculations. In order to work with the reality of the scene better, in this paper based on the heat transfer characteristics of the ground steam pipelines, and pipeline heat loss, pressure drop, and dry-degree three engineering calculation models were established, and simulation software was accomplished, then the factors which impact the steam dryness factor inside the pipe were analyzed. The results show that, 1) the calculated data keep high consistent with the actual well data, 2) the dry degree of the outlet declines with increasing the diameter, the thicker of the insulation is, the more slightly the steam dry degree declines, the smaller the surface emissivity of the pipeline is, the lower the dry degree is.

The possibility of artificial intelligence use for improvement of efficiency of development of hard-to-recover reserves in Russian oil and gas complex are considered in research article. The share of hard-to-recover reserves increases annually in cumulative oil production in the territory of the Russian Federation, therewith ups and downs of prices for oil well-known brands increase the risks of unforeseen costs and material losses when developing new reserves, that is why the authors establish a goal to analyze the efficiency of geological exploration and development of oil hard-to-recover reserves using artificial intelligence technologies and also based on the calculation of a comparative model for assessing the use of artificial intelligence on groups of fields of the Bazhenov formation. Artificial intelligence can have a beneficial effect on decrease of human error risk when selecting potential cased holes and facilitate in choosing the best methods of development and feed production stimulation. As a result of the comparative assessment of the return on investment in the development of wells using artificial intelligence and traditional technologies, the advantages and disadvantages of AI technologies were identified in the context of increasing the economic efficiency of hard-to-recover oil production.