Smart control of a horizontal axis wind turbine using dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators

Abstract

Rotating stall around a small-scale horizontal axis wind turbine was experimentally studied to characterize and assess smart rotor control by plasma actuators. Phase-locked Particle Image Velocimetry was used to map the flow over the rotor blade suction surface at numerous radial stations at a range of tip-speed-ratios. Flow separation occurred from the inboard of the blade and spread radially outwards as the tip-speed-ratio reduced. Plasma actuators placed along the span that produced a chord-wise body force had very little effect on the flow separation, even when operated in pulsed forcing mode. In contrast, plasma actuators along the blade chord that produced a body force into the radial directions (plasma vortex generators) successfully mitigated rotating stall. Torque due to aerodynamic drag was reduced by up to 22% at the lowest tip-speed-ratio of 3.7, suppressing stall over the outboard 50% of the blade. This was due to quasi-two-dimensional flow reattachment in the outboard region, and shifting of a fully stalled zone towards the hub in the inboard region because the plasma-induced body force counteracted the Coriolis-induced radial flow. This can significantly increase the turbine power output in unfavourable wind conditions and during start-up.