Abstract
The circadian rhythms are an intrinsic timekeeping system that regulates numerous physiological, biochemical, and behavioral processes at intervals of approximately 24 h. By regulating such processes, the circadian rhythm allows organisms to anticipate and adapt to continuously changing environmental conditions. A growing body of evidence shows that disruptions to the circadian rhythm can lead to various disorders, including cancer. Recently, crucial knowledge has arisen regarding the essential features that underlie the overt circadian rhythm and its influence on physiological outputs. This knowledge suggests that specific small molecules can be utilized to control the circadian rhythm. It has been discovered that these small molecules can regulate circadian-clock-related disorders such as metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, as well as cancer. This review examines the potential use of small molecules for developing new drugs, with emphasis placed on recent progress that has been made regarding the identification of small-molecule clock modulators and their potential use in treating cancer.
Highlights
The circadianrhythms are an internal timekeeping system that evolved in organisms over millions of years and that allows organisms to cope with the daily cycle of light and darkness
The molecular clocks located in peripheral tissues, as well as the core circadian genes, simultaneously exert control over cell proliferation by regulating genes that are associated with the cell cycle
The circadian clock located at the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus controls the expression of genes associated with the cell cycle
Summary
The circadian (derived from circa, which means “approximately,” and diem, meaning “day”). The. SCN clock molecularsynchronized level, thewith circadian clock system consists of change multiple positive and negative dictates (either directly or indirectly) daily changes in body temperature, and it controls fluctuations transcription-translation autoregulatory feedback loops. SCN clock molecularsynchronized level, thewith circadian clock system consists of change multiple positive and negative dictates (either directly or indirectly) daily changes in body temperature, and it controls fluctuations transcription-translation autoregulatory feedback loops These feedback loops cause clock genes to in the levels of several hormones to synchronize the various circadian clocks throughout the brain oscillate for. These feedback loops cause clock genes to nomenclature asfor. We discuss small molecules and their potential applications for treating cancer
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