Abstract
A built experimental set-up was employed for the estimation of the solid-liquid equilibria of alternative refrigerants systems. The behavior of carbon dioxide + 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (CO 2 + R1234ze(E)) was measured down to temperatures of 160.0 K. The results obtained for the mixtures were interpreted by means of the Schroder equation.
Highlights
For low temperature applications in industrial and commercial industry, cascade refrigeration cycles are a good option, especially if temperatures below 233.15 K are required [1]
The lowest evaporator temperature achievable is limited by the melting temperature of carbon dioxide (Tm= 216.58 K), so that for those applications requiring temperatures below said limit, a solution is represented by blends of carbon dioxide with other lower boiling refrigerants: carbon dioxide + nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide + hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), carbon dioxide + hydrocarbons (HCs) have been already considered as potentially suitable working fluids in lowtemperature refrigeration applications [6-8]
Several attempts to use their blends to tailor traditional refrigerant for particular applications are under evaluations [11]
Summary
For low temperature applications in industrial and commercial industry, cascade refrigeration cycles are a good option, especially if temperatures below 233.15 K are required [1]. Various studies evaluated ammonia (R717) as the high-stage fluid and carbon dioxide (R744) as the low-stage fluid [2,3,4,5] In this configuration, the lowest evaporator temperature achievable is limited by the melting temperature of carbon dioxide (Tm= 216.58 K), so that for those applications requiring temperatures below said limit, a solution is represented by blends of carbon dioxide with other lower boiling refrigerants: carbon dioxide + nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide + hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), carbon dioxide + hydrocarbons (HCs) have been already considered as potentially suitable working fluids in lowtemperature refrigeration applications [6-8]. Other fluids that can be blended with CO2 in order to lower the evaporation temperature while keeping good environmental performance are the HydroFluoroOlefines (HFOs) R1234yf and R1234ze(E) They have been recently considered to replace traditional refrigerants thanks to their low GWP, that is 4 for R1234yf [9] and 6 for R1234ze(E) [10]. The same experimental apparatus has been used in the past to assess the SLE of several (CO2 and N2O) + HFCs binary systems [12-17] and the reliability of results obtained in such a way has been already proved
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