Abstract
A circular economy is a current tenet that must be implemented in the field of construction. That would imply the study of the possibilities of the use of waste generated, for obtaining materials the used in construction as replacements for the raw material used. One of these possibilities is the substitution of the cement by slag, which contributes to the reduction of cement consumption, decreasing CO2 emissions, while solving a waste management problem. In the present paper, different types of concrete made by cement substitution with different type of slags have been studied in order to evaluate the properties of these materials. Cement is replaced by slag from different steel mills, both blast furnace and ladle furnace slag. The percentages of slag substitution by cement are 30%, 40% and 50% by weight. Mechanical, physical and environmental properties have been evaluated. Compressive and flexural strength have been analysed as the main mechanical properties. As far as physical properties go, density and porosity tests were be reported and analysed, and from an environmental point of view, a leachate study was performed. It has been found that some kinds of slag (blast furnace slag) are very suitable as substitutes for cement, providing properties above those of the reference concrete, while other types (ladle furnace slag) could be valid for non-structural applications, contributing in both cases to a circular economy.
Highlights
A circular economy is a currently accepted tenet, in which the traditional linear economy is transformed into a circular economy, where every activity is conceived as a cycle, where waste materials are considered as potential new resources, instead of by-products to discard.In the field of construction, the challenge is to exploit the possibilities of the waste generated in the building industry as raw materials to be integrated in the same construction cycle.One of the fields where this strategy is feasible is the incorporation of the slag generated during the steel production into concrete production
In the differently manufactured mixtures, it was observed (Table 3) that the density varied very little with respect to the standard mixture, decreasing only in the mixtures made with the slag LFS1; this indicates that LFS1 aerates the mixture more
The results lead us to think that, for high percentage substitutions, specimens with ladle furnace slag (LFS) substitutions have a higher strength loss compared with conventional concrete than those with blast
Summary
A circular economy is a currently accepted tenet, in which the traditional linear economy is transformed into a circular economy, where every activity is conceived as a cycle, where waste materials are considered as potential new resources, instead of by-products to discard. One of the fields where this strategy is feasible is the incorporation of the slag generated during the steel production into concrete production It has been used in many processes in the cement production and paving industries. Different types of slag have been studied and compared, with a maximum amount of 25% of cement replaced [22]. Different types of concrete have been elaborated on, in which the cement is replaced by slag from different steel mills, both blast furnace and ladle furnace slag.
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