Abstract
Abstract The synthesis of quinoline derivatives from primary aromatic amines, glycerol, and an oxidizing agent in concentrated sulfuric acid is generally known as the Skraup reaction. It has been reported that initial Skraup protocol usually gives a very low yield of quinolines. Therefore, extensive modifications have been made based on the initial protocol. Currently, the Skraup reaction can be carried out in protic acid or in the presence of a Lewis acid. In case of unstable aromatic amine, a higher yield of quinoline has been reported. This reaction has been applied for the synthesis of quinoline derivatives as well as phenanthrolines and biquinolines.
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