Siraiki Trīmtī (Feminism): An Autoethnographic Account

This article seeks to employ bibliometric analysis to offer a thorough picture of the research environment concerning local, global, and glocal contexts. Amidst the increasing globalization, it is imperative to deeply understand the interplay between local and global contexts and the "glocal" concept. This study investigates the current body of literature on these three areas by assessing patterns of publishing, trends in research, and collaborations among scientists. Using data from famous academic databases, we have found noteworthy keywords, notable authors, and esteemed publications pertaining to this topic. The research indicates a significant rise in the quantity of publications regarding local, global, and global contexts during the previous two decades. This research also illustrates a shift in focus from localized contextual examinations to a more inclusive approach that combines global and local perspectives. These findings are anticipated to offer scholars and practitioners a novel understanding of the dynamics of interaction between local, global, and glocal contexts. Moreover, these discoveries will be a significant reference for forthcoming investigations in this field.

360 Children, Youth and Environments Vol. 21 No. 1 (2011) ISSN: 1546-2250 Landscapes and Learning: Place Studies for a Global World Somerville, Margaret and Power, Kerith and de Carteret, Phoenix (2009). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers; 227 pages. $29. ISBN 9460910815. The discipline of “place studies” arrived on my radar at exactly the right moment in my academic journey as an environmental teacher-educator committed to ecological and social justice. Landscapes and Learning: Place Studies for a Global World is a collection of papers that is situated as a “provocation to think ‘place’ differently” (3). The community of ideas assembled by the editors—Somerville, Power and de Carteret—is one that reflects the intention of the Transgressions: Cultural Studies and Education series of which this book is a part: to take up the potential of the intersections between cultural studies and education, “laying the groundwork for optimism, passionate commitment, and transformative educational and political activity” (ii). Indigenous peoples and knowledges, post-colonialism, class and gender, teacher education, situated knowledge—these are just a few of the research areas of the editors, a triumvirate of place studies theorists at Monash University in Australia. The groundwork of place studies is shaped by valuing and transmitting the pedagogical potential of landscape and cultural vernaculars, and recognizing the meaning-making generated by these local contexts as a key element of producing agency and citizenship in learners. Modern education strives to achieve placelessness—an ahistorical and monolithic version of knowledge in the name of progress and economic gain (for some), at great cost to humans and to places. The writers of the papers in this collection respond with possibility and hope, exposing the potential of place and of local communities to resist, and to revalue local literacies and the complexities of their historical, social, political and ecological capital. “Through place it is possible to understand the embodied effects of the global at the local level” (6). Somerville, partly in response to place-theorist Gruenewald’s conception of a critical pedagogy of place having the twin goals of decolonization and reinhabitation (2003), proffers an evolution of this concept with three key elements: “our relationship to place is constituted in stories and other representations; place learning is local and embodied, and deep place learning occurs in a contact zone of contestation” (8). Somerville’s three elements are a leitmotif within the papers in this book. The description of the Transgressions series outlines the intended audience: “teachers, teacher educators, scholars and students of cultural studies and others interested in cultural studies and pedagogy” (ii). Each paper in the volume emphasizes the importance of complexity, of multiple and divergent views; this is taken up in several papers by invoking the rhizomatic thinking of 361 Deleuze and Guattari, Steinberg’s bricolage (2006) and “a constellation of processes” (Kenway 204). While there is an exciting and engaging range of disciplinary contexts in this book, a couple of the papers, in particular Carter’s “Care at a Distance,” are dense with language and discourse that would appeal most to the committed academic. These papers are interspersed with others that have a more narrative or personal voice. I especially valued the emphasis on indigenous perspectives and knowledge expressed by Paton and Brearly, Rennie, and Somerville. Colonization is also a dominant theme throughout the papers. In the introduction, which is strong and engaging, the editors point out that each of the contributors situate themselves in relation to “the two major waves of globalization,” i.e., 18th century colonization and “the current wave of economic, cyber, and environmental globalization” (11); they explore the expression of these oppressions within the education system and the forms of knowledge and identity that are privileged within education and governance structures. Schlunke takes up colonization/colonialism in the contested place story of Possession Island. Appleby explores English literacy education as colonizer in the context of globalization education. Kenway emphasizes the importance of the interrelationship between the local and the global, as we all exist in both local and global contexts. Readers will be particularly interested in the rich, creative, place-connective practices for children and youth articulated in several of the papers. Hickey-Moody writes of the creative significance of the...

The present research was planned for qualitative exploration of perceived gender discrimination in the Pakistani context on the lines of relative deprivation theoretical background. Five focus group discussions (N = 35) with working, non-working, married, and single adult women and two in-depth interviews with gender rights social activist and female lawyer were conducted. Their age range was 22-40 years with a mean age of 28.56 years. Content analysis technique revealed eight distinct domains as the main categories of discrimination perceived by women on the basis of gender, namely, education, employment/career, familial matters, financial matters, general social rights, appreciation and encouragement, abuse and violence, and gender-based stereotyping. Participants reported that despite offering more sacrifices and compromises, as compared to men the subsequent appreciation and encouragement given to them is non-existent. This contributed to one of the important and unique themes of perceived discrimination.

Eco-linguistics is a thriving research field which integrates the language-environment nexus in an interdisciplinary array of dimensions. Nevertheless, the linguistic analysis of ecopoetics in Pakistani context is an underexplored domain of inquiry. The present research scrutinises the linguistic pattern of literary environmental text, which employs the poetic register to deal with the subject of the human-nature interface, and the construction of ecocritical framing within its specific context. The poem, The Arrival of Monsoon (1985) by Taufiq Rafat, is selected as it fulfills Buell (1995)’s criteria of ‘Environmental Text’. The poem is analysed first in terms of processes and circumstances using Halliday’s model of transitivity analysis and then employing Arran Stibbe’s concept of ecological framing to unveil its system of meanings. The results demonstrate the foregrounding of material actions and events in the text. The selected poem’s text has an explicit emphasis on the existence and characteristics of Nature in comparison to human beings and this is achieved categorically with circumstances of location. These circumstances of location hold significant cultural images and thus help in assigning the text its ecosensitive stance while locating it within a specific cultural context i.e., Pakistan. The dualistic frame of Nature being both invigorating and dominating is manifested in the poem. The study will be significant to emerging writers, teachers and students who want to explore the themes of human-nature interaction in their writings. Keywords: Ecolinguistics; transitivity analysis; environmental texts; circumstances of location; ecological framing

This paper addresses the importance of the concept of ideology in community work. The implications of a Marxist approach to ideology in community practice are analyzed in terms of the concepts of problematization (P. Freire, 1979) and consciousness-raising (J. Barreiro, 1976), illustrating the point with some examples. The traditional Marxist perspective is also examined in relation to the perspectives of social constructionism (I. Ibáñez, 1996), cultural studies (A. McRobbie, 1992), post-Marxism (E. Laclau & C. Mouffe, 1985), and feminism (D. Haraway, 1991). It is argued that the concepts of hegemony and habitus (P. Bourdieu, 1985) can be useful to community social psychology theory and practice. A "situated perspective"--in which it is possible to dialogue from different "subject positions," and articulate transformation and political action--is argued. The implications of this shifting in the concept of ideology by means of theoretical developments outside social communitypsychology can help to define the external (outside) agent's position in community practice.

The quality of method names is critical for the readability and maintainability of source code. However, it is often challenging to construct concise method names. To alleviate this problem, a number of approaches have been proposed to automatically recommend high-quality names for methods. Despite being effective, existing approaches meet their bottlenecks mainly in two aspects: (1) the leveraged information is restricted to the target method itself; and (2) lack of distinctions towards the contributions of tokens extracted from different program contexts. Through a large-scale empirical analysis on +12M methods from +14K real-world projects, we found that (1) the tokens composing a method’s name can be frequently observed in its callers/callees; and (2) tokens extracted from different specific contexts have diverse probabilities to compose the target method’s name. Motivated by our findings, we propose, in this paper, a context-guided method name recommender, which mainly embodies two key ideas: (1) apart from the local context, which is extracted from the target method itself, we also consider the global context, which is extracted from other methods in the project that have call relations with the target method, to include more useful information; and (2) we utilize our empirical results as the prior knowledge to guide the generation of method names and also to restrict the number of tokens extracted from the global contexts. We implemented the idea as Cognac and performed extensive experiments to assess its effectiveness. Results reveal that can (1) perform better than existing approaches on the method name recommendation task (e.g., it achieves an F-score of 63.2%, 60.8%, 66.3%, and 68.5%, respectively, on four widely-used datasets, which all outperform existing techniques); and (2) achieve higher performance than existing techniques on the method name consistency checking task (e.g., its overall accuracy reaches 76.6%, outperforming the state-of-the-art MNire by 11.2%). Further results reveal that the caller/callee information and the prior knowledge all contribute significantly to the overall performance of Cognac.

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Book ReviewsFull AccessRethinking Mental Health and Disorder: Feminist PerspectivesMargaret Chaplin, M.D.Margaret ChaplinSearch for more papers by this author, M.D.Published Online:1 Jan 2004https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.55.1.97AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail Rethinking Mental Health and Disorder: Feminist Perspectives is an edited volume consisting of five chapters of feminist theory and six chapters examining psychopathology from a feminist perspective. The book's editors, Mary Ballou and Laura S. Brown, have a long-standing professional background in feminist psychology.The first section, "Developing Feminist Theories," is, as billed, devoted to theoretical discussion. Not having much background in feminist thought, I found this section jargon laden and slow going. However, although dense, these chapters do provide a background and some general principles with which to understand feminist psychology. Perhaps most interesting is the senior editor's own chapter, "Toward a Feminist Ecological Theory of Human Nature: Theory Building in Response to Real-World Dynamics," in which Ballou and coauthors propose a model of human nature that incorporates everything from individual factors to the influence of the earth's climate and time in history. By including the "macrosphere" of societal forces, they hope not only to better understand the individual experience but also to "impel us to work towards a transformation of society by linking the personal, the political and action."Lofty goals indeed! It is hard to argue against the notion that individuals are shaped by all sorts of external factors that are traditionally overlooked by mainstream psychology. And it is not difficult to accept the fact that our efforts as clinicians to help individuals may be limited by social realities. As we are all sometimes painfully aware, treating an individual's depression won't relieve the person's poverty or oppression. Ballou and associates, however, seem to suggest that mental health professionals should become social activists in order to better serve their patients. Although this view is admirable, it seems a tad idealistic, impractical, and presumptive to expand the role of the mental health provider to include fighting for social justice. Nonetheless, the chapter is provocative, well reasoned, and a good prelude to the second half of the book.The second section, entitled simply "Psychopathology," is much more accessible to general mental health providers. It covers both female-dominated diagnoses, such as chronic fatigue syndrome, and common diagnoses, such as depression and addictions. Also included is an intriguing chapter called "Raging Hormones?: Feminist Perspectives on Premenstrual Syndrome and Postpartum Depression," which evaluates the extent to which stereotypes influence the diagnosis of these conditions. The highlight for me was the chapter titled "The Chrysalis Program: A Feminist Treatment Community for Individuals Diagnosed as Personality Disordered," which describes a day treatment program in Ontario developed for patients—mostly women with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder—who were heavy users of services but did not obtain significant benefit from them. By incorporating feminist principles, the program manages to empower the clients to gain control over their lives.In general, these chapters demonstrate a real-world framework for putting the "ecofeminist" model to practical use by underscoring the role of environmental causes in the development of psychopathology and the importance of listening to the individual woman's story.In summary, this volume is a bit heady at times, a bit ethereal at others, but nevertheless thought-provoking and stimulating. The book is worth at least a perusal, if only to open one's mind to another perspective.Dr. Chaplin is staff psychiatrist at Community Mental Health Affiliates in New Britain, Connecticut.edited by Mary Ballou and Laura S. Brown; New York, Guilford Press, 2002, 314 pages, $38 FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited ByNone Volume 55Issue 1 January 2004Pages 97-97 Metrics PDF download History Published online 1 January 2004 Published in print 1 January 2004

This article explores the connectedness between Martin Luther King’s, Ernesto Guevara’s and Rabindranath Tagore’s ideas and anti-colonial resistance in Vietnam. By showing how three different local struggles were linked to the socio-political realities in Vietnam, the three can be seen as representatives of a way of thinking global and local in political struggles under the principle of anti-colonial resistance and universal self-determination. In this way, it is argued that looking through the lens of dissident intellectuals and political activists provides a methodological groundwork through which we can experience global intellectual connectedness that counterbalances existing Westerncentric perspectives on Vietnamese history. However, global intellectual connectedness has to be taken with a pinch of salt, because thoughts and ideas have always been defined by and modified under different socio-political circumstances, in this case: for the purpose of strengthening the national cause.

There is a growing body of research on family relationships and the nature of family violence in Muslim-majority countries of Asia. However, patterns and trends around family dynamics and violence do not remain static. Despite the diversity of South Asian societies, all are being influenced by a constellation of globalized social, economic, political and religious forces that manifest in unique ways in different contexts. To date, there is little written about the implications for women’s rights and gendered violence when globalization remolds religious, cultural, geographic and other social realities. This critical review presents a review of feminist literature on gender, family and violence in Asian Muslim-majority countries – notably Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia and Bangladesh – from a feminist globalization theoretical perspective. The article uses the Maldives as a case study to map how globalized socio-economic and political trends are changing the terrain of family and society in ways that both advance and retract women’s rights and contribute to their increased risk of violence. This paper advances the literature on feminist perspectives on family relationships by demonstrating the importance of considering localized problems within a global sphere. This approach will allow researchers to systematically assess the influence of global processes on changing family relations and implications for family structures. The paper concludes with applications for feminist approaches to globalization, gender and violence. In particular, an increased focus on global processes and the shifting dynamics of family relationships will better inform global feminist activism, and feminist activism in Asian Islamic communities.

Aim of the Study: This study aimed to investigate dowry trends within the context of Pakistani ‘patrilocal’ weddings, focusing on understanding local reciprocity and perspectives surrounding these practices. Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing a semi-structured interview guide with 35 shopkeepers to gather insights into dowry practices and their impact on local commerce in rural communities of Punjab along with the survey model based on Gary Watson's theoretical framework from 193 respondents in five rural communities of Punjab, Pakistan. Findings: Analysis of the interviews revealed nuanced patterns in product demand, seasonal variations, sales trends, customer preferences, societal expectations, and ethical considerations related to dowry practices. Major findings show the preference for kitchen utensils and electronic items in Sahiwal (22.86%), furniture and home appliances in Multan (20%), home appliances and gold jewelry in Bahawalpur (17.14%) and Vehari (20%). Additionally, the winter wedding season was identified as the peak sales period across regions, ranging from 17.14% to 22.86%. Furthermore, shopkeepers reported an increasing trend in sales of more expensive and branded items, accounting for 17.14% to 22.86% of responses, with quality and brand reputation being primary considerations for customers (20.00% to 22.86%). Conclusion: The findings underscore the complex interplay between cultural traditions, economic factors, and social dynamics in shaping dowry practices within socio-rural and socio-gender Pakistani ‘patrilocal weddings. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for promoting gender equality, social justice, and community development in the region.

Authentic leadership is an emerging construct which has attracted scholars and practitioners alike due to the felt need of ethical climate in organizations among rising corporate scandals. Though considerable attempts have been made to further refine the construct by undertaking validation studies in different cultures, no study has reported validation of authentic leadership questionnaire in the Pakistani context. This study offers new contributions towards the validation of the authentic leadership questionnaire from Pakistani context and reports the results of confirmatory factor analysis, reliability, and construct validity by analyzing responses from three independent nationally representative samples (n=580). Such need has been felt by many authors to provide the evidence of validity in other cultures like Asia. Using structural equation modeling through AMOS, this study concludes that the authentic leadership questionnaire is a valid and reliable construct in the Pakistani culture too. The model fit indices indicate that the second order model of authentic leadership is more robust and preferable than the first order model and the composite factor. Positive impact of authentic leadership on championing and partial mediation of management support and affective commitment to change between authentic leadership and championing indicate predictive validity of authentic leadership questionnaire. Implications, limitations, and future recommendations are discussed.

This special issue was inspired by Elizabeth Wilson’s (1977, p. 2) call to ‘inject some feminism into the community work scene’. Wilson argued that community development workers – so focused on political struggles in the workplace or in state structures – ignored the struggle for gender equality and social justice in the home and in the community. By focusing on the politics in public spaces, community development marginalized some women’s experiences of injustice and struggles for equality in the private spaces of the family and the neighbourhood. Although Wilson was writing more than thirty years ago, we wanted to revisit her critiques about the political orientation of community development in order to assess the state of contemporary feminist community development around the globe. Based on the analysis and research by the contributors to this special issue, it seems that feminist community development is still in a precarious position. What ails feminist community development appears to be inextricably linked to a larger crisis in left-wing politics due to neoliberal hegemony. As the left has been in retreat since the 1980s, this has allowed the state to be effectively captured by proponents of free market fundamentalism. From Honduras to South Africa to New Zealand to the United Kingdom, authors are reporting and analysing a similar problem: neoliberal policy processes are subverting feminist community development and activism. As the state is rolled back to allow the market to determine welfare provision, this appears to close down the space for radical critique and action – especially from a feminist perspective. The loss of these free spaces for resistance is not limited to feminist political actors; the ability for a range of socialist and social democratic civil society organizations and social movement actors to propose alternatives to free market economic growth strategies has been severely curtailed. Indeed, the very process of

Introducing Cultural Politics

This research served as a backdrop and guide for the well-managed mintry. The researcher has contended that the household community and the Church family are the two sides of the same coin as both go together and are inseparable. Several challenges have been discussed in this phenomenon. This study investigated the Pakistani context contending that cultural challenges are not the distorting issue of the Chuch family today, but rather the self-made mission is the actual problem in this regard. It has also explored the priorities of the ministers and argued that the pastors need to reevaluate their roles in disciple-making mission. Otherwise, the Church family would neglect the mission of God. It further traced the previous studies of some scholars in the Pakistani perspective who proposed the common good for the entire shift. As a result, this research declared those studies the misconstrued mission of some ministers in disciple-making mission arguing that the utmost need is to revisit the biblical approach of disciple-making for the well-managed ministry. Lastly, this paper further examined the 'shift of priority' of the Church family asserting that the leadership building approach for the pastors' household community and the Church family serves as a backdrop and guide for the well-managed in the local and wider context. Consequently, the researcher has investigated ways to re-image this disciple-making mission for the well-manged ministry looking at Jesus as a model to manage ministers' household community and Church family

Deafening Modernism: Embodied Language and Visual Poetics in American Literature