Abstract
The microstructure, electrical properties, dielectric characteristics, and DC-accelerated aging behavior of ZnO–V2O5–Mn3O4–Nb2O5 ceramics were systematically investigated at various sintering temperatures. Analysis of the microstructure indicated that ZnO–V2O5–Mn3O4–Nb2O5 ceramics are composed of ZnO grain as a primary phase, and Zn3(VO4)2, ZnV2O4, and VO2 as the minor secondary phases. The increase in sintering temperature increased the average grain size from 5.9 to 14.3 μm, whereas it decreased the sintered density from 5.54 to 5.40 g/cm3. The breakdown field decreased from 5,671 to 1,443 V/cm with the increase in sintering temperature. The nonlinear coefficient exhibited a maximum value (47) at 900 °C and a minimum value (17.8) at 950 °C. The varistors sintered at 950 °C exhibited the highest stability; variation rates for the breakdown field, for the nonlinear coefficient, and for the leakage current density were +0.4, −0.6, and +22.2 %, respectively, after application of a stress of 0.85 E1 mA/85 °C/24 h.
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