Abstract
Political parties regulate politics in every modern democratic country. Since the 1980s, smaller parties based on caste have appeared in numerous states in India. They serve as a reflection of representational and recognition of politics. In Uttar Pradesh, people from the Most Backward Caste (MBCs) have been forming single caste-based political parties in large numbers over the last two decades to gain social, cultural, and political recognition. The BJP and Samajwadi Party formed a rainbow alliance of single caste parties ahead of the assembly elections in Uttar Pradesh in 2022. In parallel, the BJP significantly contributed to the state's growth of single caste parties. In the 2022 UP assembly election, single caste parties felt their presence in electoral and non-electoral politics. References Banerjee, Mukulika (2014), Why India Votes?, Routledge, New Delhi. Baxter, Craig (1975), ( The Rise and Fall of Bhartiya Kranti Dal), in Myron Weiner and John Osgoodfied, Electoral politics in Indian states: party system and cleavages volume-4 New Delhi. Beg, Mirza Asmer (2012), (The Muslim Parties in Uttar Pradesh and Assam), Economic and Political Weekly No 43, Volume,47 Oct, 27. Brass, Paul(1966), Caste, Faction and Party in Indian politics “ Election study, Volume 2 (Chanakya publication Delhi). Chandra, Kanchan (2004),Why Ethnic Parties Succeed: Patronage and Ethnic Head Counts in India, Cambridge University Press. Duncan, Ian, (1997), (New political equation in North India: Mayawati, Mulayam andgovernment instability in UP), Asian Survey Volume,37. Fickett Lewis, JR (1993), (The Rise and Fall of Jantadal),, Asian Survey Volume-33 No.12,December. G,S (1999), ( Rise of smaller parties: Uttar Pradesh), Economic and Political Weekly, Vol.34,No,41. Kumar, D. S. (2022). Election of State Assembly Held during February and March 2022: Study with Reference to Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 3831–3843. Retrieved from https://journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/view/6861 Hasan, Zoya (1997), Quest for Power: Oppositional Movements and Post Congress Politics in Uttar Pradesh, OUP Publisher, India. Hasan, Zoya (2004). Parties and party politics in India. New Delhi; Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jaffrelot, Christophe (2003), India's Silent Revolution: The Rise of the Lower Castes, C Hurst &Co Publishers Ltd. Kothari, Rajni (1964), Politics In India, Orient BlackSwan, New Delhi. Pai, Sudha (2002), Dalit Assertion and the Unfinished Democratic Revolution: The Bahujan Samaj Party in Uttar Pradesh, Sage Publications Pvt. Ltd.Delhi. ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF THE OTHER BACKWARD CLASSES IN INDIA: thought. (2021). S.L.: Routledge India. Singh, Jagpal (1992), Capitalism and Dependence: Agrarian Politics in Western Uttar Pradesh, 1951-1991, Manohar Publishers and Distributors, Delhi. Singh, Jagpal (2021). Caste, state and society: degrees of democracy in North India. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge. Wiener, Myron (1968), State Politics in India, (Princeton Legacy Library), Paperback, Delhi.
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