Singing the Himalayan crossroads: traditional songs of Ladakh

<p><em>The thing which very important in the world is education. It is a very important aspect given from childhood to adulthood. In short, education is required by various groups and continue to the long period of time. These days many people are given the information related to character education. Because of character education is important to be applied. Many things that can be used as an intermediary in delivering aspects of character education. One of them is a traditional Balinese song. Balinese traditional songs have been selected as a medium of communication in the delivery of character education because in traditional songs contained lyrics which are full of meaning and moral values. Traditional songs in Bali have existed since immemorial time and without the author’s name, so people who make the lyrics to this song can be our ancestors by inserting moral values and education that we can enjoy today. One of the famous traditional songs in Bali is CeningAyu. In the lyrics of CeningAyu, there are some moral values and education including the value of responsibility, child compliance, and obedience to the commands of parents.</em></p>

This paper discusses the role of traditional folk songs and dances in the development of intercultural communication among elementary school children. Since we live in a multicultural society, it is necessary to develop the awareness of young people regarding the need to nurture harmonious relations among nations. The paper outlines the results of the empirical research aimed at determining whether the eighth-grade students from Central Serbia and Kosovo and Metohija know which nations live in their region and what their traditional songs and dances are. The results of the survey show that most students know the nations living in their vicinity but do not know their traditional songs and dances. This indicates that this kind of information and teaching content were not recognized and used as a means of interethnic connection, getting familiar with and understanding other nations. Traditional songs and dances can be a significant factor of successful intercultural communication in elementary schools if teachers recognize and use their potential. Descriptive method as well as the analysis and synthesis were used in this paper.


 
 
 Character education in early childhood is not new, and character education is also not just a transfer of knowledge, but something that needs to be built early on through various stimula- tions. This study aims to develop the character of early childhood through audio-visual media with traditional Javanese songs. Using educational design-based research to develop audio-visual media from traditional songs, this media was tested in the field with an experimental design with a control group. Respondents involved 71 kindergarten students from one experimental class in one control class. The data revealed that character education in children shows the average value of the experi- mental class is higher than the control group, this means character education in children can be built through traditional songs. Further research can be done to improve the character of early childhood through a variety of media that interests children.
 Keywords: Early Childhood, Character Education, Javanese Traditional Songs Media

The lack of elementary student’s knowledge and interest about Indonesia’s traditional song can affect the existence of traditional songs. Elementary students prefer to listen to modern songs from the device that they have in their daily life. In the music learning process, the student feels bored because of the monotone learning method, even though music art learning process is an important process to promote student knowledge about Indonesia’s traditional songs. Innovation is needed because of this condition. For example, is the use of technological devices like mobile device in music artlearning.Thisstudyaimstodesignanddevelopanandroidrole-playinggame(RPG) for music learning, especially Indonesia’s traditional songs. This study also analyses the worthiness of android RPG game based on expert judgment validation’s score. Basedonexpertjudgmentvalidation’sscore,themusicartlearningmediacalled“Lagu Nusantara” is worthy of supporting the student to learn about basic of music learning and Indonesia’s traditional songs. The average score is 3.6 for media representation, 4 for the material which presented in this game, and 3.3 for the use of language. The worthinessofthismediaisabove90%(precisely90.83%).Inconclusion,thisRPGgame can use by teachers or students to promote music art learning process, especially about Indonesia’s traditional songs.

In Serbia, culture is never far removed from politics. When writing about the relationship between politics and folklore, the Serbian ethnologist Ivan * olovi ' commented that Serbian politics is saturated with folklore and that, from the late 1980s, every political leader, without exception, every political programme and every political battle made reference to folkloric texts that resorted to a raft of traditional clichés. The main vehicle for carrying the imagery, values and antagonisms of these mythical tales has been the pesma , which may be translated as either 'poem' or 'song' since the words in Serbian are interchangeable. Indeed, the traditional song has long been embedded in Serbian cultural identity, and has been inspiring Serbian nationalism since the nineteenth century. In the 1990s the stimulation of nationalism by popular and traditional Serbian songs involved a process of ethnification--a cult of the folkloric--in which popular music contributed to the estrangement, alienation and distancing of the Other. This was both a process with roots long buried in the past, as well as one that continued to flourish at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Hudson explores the impact of culture on Serbian politics, especially from the perspective of the relationship between identity formation and ethnic conflict. He investigates the links between popular musical forms and nationalism in Serbia, through an analysis of the lyrics, language and meanings of a selection of songs in a variety of different musical genres that were popular between the late nineteenth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century.

Traditional song in Indonesia are diverse from Sabang until Merauke, there are more than 200 songs traditional songs but most of people in Indonesia especially for teenagers don’t know about traditional songs in Indonesia because they thought traditional music are outdated for their era, because of that, teenagers in Indonesia mostly like music pop, rock and electronic. By designing traditional music with EDM arrangement will provide traditional song in a modern way and make teenagers in Indonesia know the traditional song indirectly. In this project we will use a software digital audio workstation (DAW) Ableton Live 9 and use research and development method with 4D model development (define, design, development, and dissemintae). The results of this project, produced a song entitled “Hey, Ampar-ampar Solo” with a duration of 5 minutes and 29 seconds. from the results of disseminate, the number of songs played was 57 times with 5 likes and 5 comments We hope by this project will make increase interest of Indonesian’s traditional songs for the people who are listening.

The current phenomenon shows that the noble character values ​​among children are experiencing a quite concerning crisis. One of the factors causing the deterioration of children's character is a crisis or deterioration of national cultural values ​​or local wisdom values. Therefore, exploring cultural values ​​or local wisdom values ​​is a strategic step in an effort to build the nation's character. The purpose of this study was to describe (1) character education through traditional games in MIN 3 Jember, (2) character education through traditional songs in MIN 3 Jember, and (3) character education through folklore in MIN 3 Jember. To achieve this goal, this study uses a phenomenological type of qualitative approach. The data collection technique uses observation, interview, and documentary study techniques. The data collected are primary data and secondary data which include: character education strategy data through traditional games, character education through traditional songs, and character education through folk stories. After the data is collected, it is analyzed using themodel spiral analysis proposed by Cresswel (2007).
 The results showed that (1) The teachers at MIN 3 Jember have used traditional games as a medium to instill character values ​​in students. The traditional games played by students are quite varied. The steps taken by the teacher in using traditional games as a medium in instilling the character of students are: choosing traditional games that are in accordance with the learning theme, playing games together with students, followed by explaining the character values ​​contained in the games that have been played the. (2) Teachers at MIN 3 Jember have used traditional songs as a medium to instill character values ​​in students. The steps taken by the teacher in using traditional songs as a medium to instill the character of students, namely: choosing traditional songs that are in accordance with the learning theme, singing songs together with students, followed by explaining the character values ​​contained in traditional songs that have been sung. (3) teachers at MIN 3 Jember have used folklore as a medium to instill character values ​​in students. The steps taken by the teacher in using folklore to instill character values ​​are: (a) the children read the folklore in groups or independently, (b) to find out whether the children understand the story, the teacher make inquiries via 5W + H. (c) the teacher retells the folklore to the children, and (d) the teacher conveys the messages (character values) that exist in the story.

At this moment traditional songs was not pay attention so that almost the traditional song is not well known by young generations. The position of traditional songs was lost with technology. If there is not an conservation and appreciation for traditional songs especially Madura traditional songs, so the traditional song can be lost in the future so that writer try to analysis of moral and educational values on Madura folk songs. The discussion in this thesis the author tried to review the pedagogical values particularly with regard to the morality contained in the lyrics of Madura folk song. The author only took eight songs contained in a book of poetry titled Madura folk songs "set song Madura Regions" in 2003 by the author R. Amirudin Tjitraprawira Namely; “Lir Saalir”, “Tondu’ Majang”, “Pajjhar Langgu”, “Caca Aghuna”, “Pa’-Opa’ Iliing”, “Pacakang Alako”, “Entar Akarang”, “Les Balesan”. The research was conducted with the following statement of problems: (1) What are moral and educational values found on Madura folk song by R. Tjitraprawira? (2) How is the meaning of Madurese life which is contained in the Madura song lyric?  (3) What are the messages that can be delivered to the reader on Madura folk song by R.Amiruddin Tjitraprawira? The objective of this study was to know moral value found on madura folk song, to know how the meaning of madurese life which is contained in the madura song lyric,to know the message that can be delivered to the reader of madura folk song by R.Amiruddin Tjitraprawira. The researcher uses descriptive qualitative approach in finding moral and educational values. The research method is used from the researcher itself because for analysis the data use interpretation of own words. The data is taken eight titles from Madura songs such as “Lir Saalir”, “Tondu’ Majang”, “Pajjhar Langgu”, “Caca Aghuna”, “Pa’-Opa’ Iliing”, “Pacakang Alako”, “Entar Akarang”, “Les Balesan”. The researcher choose this titles because it contains the high valuable meaning related Madura daily activities which is designed in madurese language. Finally, this study uses semantic as the base theory which related on moral and educational values. Therefore, the researcher suggests to the next researcher whom want concern with the similar topic to analyze moral and educational values should be attention the theory which accordance with the research object itself and look for references that can be found in journal, newspaper, and books, etc.

This paper analyzes the musical and song resettlement tradition of the Krasnoyarsk Udmurts and compares it with the indigenous tradition of the Udmurts living in the Igrinsky and Alnashsky districts of the Udmurt Republic. The resettlement of the Udmurts to Siberia pro-ceeded in two ways: voluntarily – during the Stolypin agrarian reform (1910–1912) and forci-bly – during dekulakization (the 1930s). Krasnoyarsk Krai thus became a second homeland to most settlers. Three expeditions were conducted to the Krasnoyarsk Udmurts: in 1974, 1991, and 2020. This study compared sound recordings of the first and last expeditions. It has been revealed that the musical and song tradition of the Krasnoyarsk Udmurts still preserves a dis-tinction between southern and northern Udmurt traditions. However, the data of the last expe-dition demonstrates the predominance of the Northern Udmurt tradition. A detailed analysis of ritual and non-ritual songs has shown that settlers remain committed to their indigenous tradition in regard to poetic and musical-stylistic features of genre groups. A characteristic feature of the Siberian Udmurt song tradition is found to be the motif of longing for the for-mer homeland, which is most clearly expressed in the poetic texts recorded during the first expedition. In contrast to the indigenous tradition, the Siberian Udmurt song tradition has an entirely different repertoire. The characteristic feature of the resettlement tradition is that it comprises songs borrowed from neighboring ethnic groups, such as Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians. To conclude, remoteness from the original tradition and neighborhood with other ethnic groups contributed to the loss of Udmurt language and culture, although the Krasno-yarsk Udmurts still recognize themselves as Udmurts.

Many people understand that a character education is only related to politeness. This understanding is certainly too narrow because character in Javanese culture has broader meaning than just being polite. The ideas regarding character education have been presented by Mangkunegara IV through his work of Serat Wedatama. Problems arise when the work is written in the form of symbolic traditional songs, namely Pangkur, Sinom, Pocung, and gambuh. This paper aims at investigating the kinds of character messages presented in the first section of Serat Wedatama which was composed in the form of pangkur traditional songs. The method employed in this research is a historical research method, whose stages include heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Considering the object of the study is a manuscript, content analysis and semantic approaches are utilized. The approach was chosen merely to obtain the clarity of the meaning which are implicitly expressed in the form a traditional song of pangkur. The results are traditional songs describes the atmosphere, circumstances, or will to be achieved. The first section of pangkur traditional song, in general, contains a message about the guidance to achieve the perfection of which can be attained by abandoning worldly things. Among the 14 traditional songs of Pangkur, their first section presents some basic thoughts namely Angkara, Ngelmu, Atining Tatakrama, Lumuh asor kudu unggul, puruhita, and manembahKeywords: Character, Education, Wedatama.

In this article, the social function of the traditional song and dance culture of regional ethnic minorities is taken as the research emphasis. Starting from the traditional song and dance culture of Yi Nationality, 3-5 field sites are set up in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, the research team collects and analyzes data through observation, interviews and other methods, studies the humanistic spirit contained in the traditional song and dance culture of the Yi nationality, explores its function in promoting customs and civilization, as well as its social function. And then, it combines traditional song and dance with the spirit of the times, endows traditional song and dance with new cultural life, guides the construction of music culture with national and regional characteristics and the advanced nature of the times, and effectively promotes the construction of rural custom and civilization.

Traditional songs are useful in mobilising natives for genuine causes that promote the wellbeing of society, especially when the issue is life-threatening. This research was carried out to ascertain how traditional songs were used on Ashiwaves FM to curb the COVID-19 pandemic among Kwande residents in Benue State. The research adopted a survey method that relied on a questionnaire that was administered to 400 respondents using the Taro Yamane statistical formula. The theories used to anchor the research were Uses and Gratification and Agenda Setting, which explained how Kwande residents satisfied their need for deriving information and education on how to avoid contracting COVID-19 and how Ashiwaves Radio station repeatedly played traditional songs specifically meant for sensitising the public on the coronavirus, prompting people to think about it. Findings of the study revealed that Ashiwaves Radio station played traditional songs on their station (100%), which was useful in sensitizing Kwande residents to curb the spread of the pandemic. It was also discovered from the findings that the song by Rapizo (98%) was the most instrumental in educating Kwande residents to stay at home and avoid crowded areas (40%), wash their hands (24%), and maintain social distance (14%). The research concluded that traditional songs are essential to every ethnic group in carrying out sensitisation on health issues. Therefore, it is recommended that other ethnic groups in Nigeria also encourage their indigenous artists to compose songs that can be used for educating their locals in the wake of future health challenges to avert casualties.

Elementary students prefer to listen to modern songs from the device that they have in their daily life. In the music learning process, the student feels bored because of the monotone learning method, even though the music art learning process is an important process to promote student knowledge about Indonesia’s traditional songs. Innovation is needed because of this condition. This study aims to design and develop an android role-playing game (RPG) for music learning, especially Indonesia’s traditional songs. This study also analyses the worthiness of android RPG game based on expert judgment validation’s score. Based on expert judgment validation’s score, the music art learning media called “Lagu Nusantara” is worthy of supporting the student to learn about the basic of music learning and Indonesia’s traditional songs. The average score is 3.6 for media representation, 4 for the material which presented in this game, and 3.3 for the use of language. The worthiness of this media is above 90% (precisely 90.83%). In conclusion, this RPG game can use by teachers or students to promote music art learning process, especially about Indonesia’s traditional songs.

Objectives This study aims to propose a concrete instructional plan that integrates traditional Korean children’s songs (jeonlae dongyo) included in the 2022 revised elementary integrated curriculum textbook Joyful Life with Korean language education. Methods Focusing on 14 traditional songs presented in the Joyful Life textbook, the study analyzed the educational value and types of learning activities associated with these songs. Based on this, it proposed instructional strategies for the listening and speaking, reading, and writing domains of the Korean language curriculum. Results The findings revealed that using traditional songs in language-integrated lessons enhanced students’ communication skills, deepened reading comprehension through vocabulary expansion, and improved writing abilities by encouraging creative sentence construction. The results also suggest that traditional songs support language acquisition through rhythm and repetition while increasing learners’ motivation through play-based and participatory activities. Conclusions This study confirms not only the musical value of traditional songs but also their interdisciplinary applicability and educational potential. For more effective implementation of traditional song-based instruction, further research should consider grade-level differentiation, activity-centered lesson design, and the integration of digital learning tools. This study is expected to provide a foundation for such future research.

The culture in Indonesia is very diverse, one of which is traditional songs. However, knowledge of traditional songs is still small. Digital Games can spread knowledge about traditional songs, one of which is Central Javanese traditional songs. However, the Game that is made still has static difficulties, so the Game cannot follow the player's ability, resulting in the player feeling bored and not wanting to continue the Game. To generate dynamic difficulties, methods in artificial intelligence can be applied to Games, one of which is Fuzzy. So in this study proposed the application of dynamic difficulties using Fuzzy Logic in music Games / Rhythm Games. Fuzzy Logic is built based on mathematical values and represents uncertainty, where this logic imitates the human way of thinking. Fuzzy Logic can convert crisp input values into fuzzy sets by performing fuzzification. After the input value is converted, the input will be entered into the set of rules provided. Each rule produces a different output. After the process is complete, the output value will be converted back to the crisp output value. Based on the research conducted, it is found that Fuzzy Logic can be applied to music Games where the Game can follow the player's ability based on the given rules.