Abstract
A horizontally discharging buoyant jet laden with sediment particles is studied experimentally. Simultaneous measurements of the fluid and particle velocity fields are made with a two-camera PIV technique. The fluid phase is marked by small fluorescent particles which when excited by laser light, emit light of different wavelengths to the light scattered by the solid sediment particles. Similar to a particle-free buoyant jet, it is observed that buoyancy plays a main role of governing the flow mechanisms in the bending zone of a sediment-laden buoyant jet, where the locations of maximum velocity magnitude and the locations of maximum turbulence intensity are on different parts of a jet cross-section. It is found that regions of particle abundance and high turbulence intensity reside coincidently at the lower and outer layer of the jet in its bending zone. In the momentum-dominated zone, the action of buoyancy already modifies the cross-sectional profiles of fluid velocity and turbulence and the jet centerline trajectory is slightly bent upwards from the initial horizontal direction. The jet turbulence is suggested to play the role of suspending the particles within the jet. At low particle concentrations, the mean velocity field of the fluid phase is not affected much by the presence of sediment particles, but the turbulence property is more susceptible to variations in the initial particle concentration.
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