Abstract
A new single-drop microextraction approach is proposed for the extraction of compounds with a wide range of volatilities from tap water samples with separation/detection by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. This new microextraction mode is called direct immersion-headspace-single drop microextraction (DI-HS-SDME). Trihalomethanes (THMs), hydrocarbons with low molecular weight (benzene, ethyl benzene and xylenes) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were the model compounds. Ten milliliters of tap water samples and drop volume of 1.5 µL of 1-octanol were used. The optimal condition for DI-HS-SDME mode was 80 min of total extraction time (48 min at 40 °C in DI-SDME mode and 32 min at 12 °C in HS-SDME mode) and the addition of 1.2 g of NaCl. The analytical figures of merit were evaluated, the limits of detection ranged from 0.03 µg L-1 for o-xylene and ethyl benzene to 6 µg L-1 for THMs. The proposed method represents a promising alternative for the analysis of aqueous matrices which contain compounds with very different ranges of volatility.
Highlights
Sample preparation is a crucial part of chemical/ biological analysis and can be considered an important step of the analytical process
The so-called classical sample preparation methods were developed, notably liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-liquid extraction (SLE). These sample preparation methods have high extraction capacity; some disadvantages are associated with these techniques, such as the use of large amounts of toxic solvents, which is negative
The extraction solvent and microdrop volume are considered very important factors to be optimized in a single-drop microextraction procedure
Summary
Sample preparation is a crucial part of chemical/ biological analysis and can be considered an important step of the analytical process. The main objectives associated with sample preparation are the removal of potential interferents, analyte preconcentration and the possibility of derivatization of the analytes into a more detectable form can be achieved.[1] For organic trace analysis, this step mainly comprises extractions, which serve to isolate compounds of interest from the sample matrix. The so-called classical sample preparation methods were developed, notably liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-liquid extraction (SLE). These sample preparation methods have high extraction capacity; some disadvantages are associated with these techniques, such as the use of large amounts of toxic solvents, which is negative
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