Abstract
Current detection and characterization techniques for Salmonellae are time consuming, and rapid methods could benefit investigation and control of foodborne outbreaks. In this study, the potential of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in label-free detection and serotyping of Salmonella was evaluated. After immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and overnight culture, SERS spectra were collected from multiple replicates and experiments and analyzed by chemometrics. The detection/characterization accuracies were evaluated in real unknown mixture samples, which were confirmed by plating on selective agar plates and anti-sera agglutination tests. Prediction accuracies were found between 93 and 100%, 87 and 100%, and 67 and 100% for detecting Salmonella from other species, characterization of Salmonella serotypes, and simultaneous detection and characterization, respectively. When validated in mixture samples consisting of six bacteria, accuracies were 65–100% with increased misclassification. Overall, the approach may provide an inexpensive alternative within similar or slightly longer periods of time, but further improvement in spectral reproducibility and accuracy is needed.
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