Abstract
Microwave treatment is a green and pollution-free soil disinfection method. The application of microwaves to disinfect soil before cultivation is highly important to increase crop yields and protect the ecological environment. The electromagnetic field is an important parameter influencing the soil temperature field in the process of microwave soil treatment, and the change in soil temperature directly affects soil disinfection. Therefore, this article carried out research on the heating pattern in North China loess due to microwave treatment. First, COMSOL software was employed to simulate the microwave soil treatment process to analyze microwave penetration into soil. Second, with the application of microwaves at the designed frequency produced with a 2.45-GHz tunable microwave generating microdevice, soil with water contents of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% was treated for 10~60 s (at 10-s time intervals), and experiments on the influence of the microwave output power, treatment time, and soil moisture content on the soil temperature were performed via the controlled variable method. The simulation results indicate that with increasing soil moisture content, the microwave frequency inside the soil model increases, and the electric field intensity value decreases in the model at the same depth. After microwaves traverse through the 20-cm soil model, the incident field strength is three orders of magnitude lower than the outgoing field strength. The results of the microwave soil treatment experiment reveal that: (1) Compared to microwave output power levels of 1.8 and 1.6 kW, a level of 2 kW is more suitable for microwave soil disinfection. (2) After treatment, the highest temperature occurs on the soil surface, not within the soil. (3) The location of the highest soil internal temperature after microwave treatment increasingly approaches the soil surface with increasing soil moisture content, and the microwave output power does not affect the location of the highest soil internal temperature. Combining the electromagnetic field simulation and microwave soil treatment experiment results, it was found that the higher the field strength is, the higher the temperature value, and the highest soil internal temperature after microwave treatment often occurs at the first electromagnetic wave peak.
Highlights
Land use strongly affects the resilience of the soil food web and its response to extreme events caused by climate change [1]
Combining the electromagnetic field simulation and microwave soil treatment experiment results, it was found that the higher the field strength is, the higher the temperature value, and the highest soil internal temperature after microwave treatment often occurs at the first electromagnetic wave peak
After 2 min of microwave treatment, the average temperature based on 30 points measured with the PT100 sensor is 33.97 ◦C, and the average temperature measured with the mercury thermometer is 34.08 ◦C
Summary
Land use strongly affects the resilience of the soil food web and its response to extreme events caused by climate change [1]. The popularization of facility agriculture overcomes climate restrictions on crop growth, this increases the risk of soil-borne diseases, insects, and weeds. Soil disinfection and eradication of harmful organisms in soil are important agronomic measures to increase crop yields. The chemicals commonly applied in soil disinfection include methyl bromide and chloropicrin. Because of the advantages of high speed and notable penetration into soil, chemical agents have been favored by farmers for decades. Drug residues remain after the chemical soil disinfection process, which threatens the safety of humans and animals and damages the natural ecological environment [2,3]. As global sustainable development has been proposed, researchers are constantly developing green soil disinfection methods that can replace chemical agents
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