Abstract
This study evaluated the mobility and persistence of aldicarb and its degradation products in red-yellow oxisol (LVA) using soil columns, after the application of Temik 150. Leaching experiments were performed using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) columns filled with soil contaminated with aldicarb and rain simulation of 6.05 mm day-1, at 10 day intervals, for 90 days. Aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide and aldicarb sulfone residues were extracted from soil (solid-liquid) and percolated water (liquid-liquid) samples with quantification by CG-FID. The results showed that aldicarb was rapidly oxidized to aldicarb sulfoxide and aldicarb sulfone in 10 days after the application. Aldicarb sulfoxide percolated through 15 cm of the soil column and could not be detected in the soil after 40 days incubation. From the 60 days since application, residues were no longer detected in the samples of percolated water and soil fractions, indicating rapid degradation and low potential for groundwater contamination.
Highlights
The carbamate insecticides exhibit high acute toxicity because they inhibit the activity of biological enzymes, such as cholinesterase (Kim et al, 2017; Morais et al, 2013; Santaladchaiyakit et al, 2012; Tankiewicz et al, 2010), with the possibility of their residues being found in soil, food, crops, groundwater and surface water (Lewis et al, 2016; Goulart et al, 2010)
The percolation column method has been employee in studies that aim to evaluate pesticide movement in soils. This method consists in percolation of pesticides with a known concentration in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) columns filled with soil up to the exit at the base of the column, that allows evaluation of the leaching potential, redistribution and helps in the understanding of the possible chemical and physical interactions involved in the movement (Kalbe et al, 2014; Garcia et al, 2012; Kalbe et al, 2007; Brusseau, 1998; Baskaran et al, 1996)
Peaks with retention times equal to 6.92, 11.09 and 11.61 min correspond to aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone and aldicarb sulfoxide, respectively
Summary
The carbamate insecticides exhibit high acute toxicity because they inhibit the activity of biological enzymes, such as cholinesterase (Kim et al, 2017; Morais et al, 2013; Santaladchaiyakit et al, 2012; Tankiewicz et al, 2010), with the possibility of their residues being found in soil, food, crops, groundwater and surface water (Lewis et al, 2016; Goulart et al, 2010). The percolation column method has been employee in studies that aim to evaluate pesticide movement in soils This method consists in percolation of pesticides with a known concentration in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) columns filled with soil up to the exit at the base of the column, that allows evaluation of the leaching potential, redistribution and helps in the understanding of the possible chemical and physical interactions involved in the movement (Kalbe et al, 2014; Garcia et al, 2012; Kalbe et al, 2007; Brusseau, 1998; Baskaran et al, 1996)
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