Abstract
In agrotechnical practice, it was found that between qualitative indices, which express the sowing precision achieved by precision planters determined in the laboratory, and those determined under operating conditions, that there are certain differences, which are sometimes quite significant. The decrease in the value of the quality indices was manifested by the increase of the number of mistakes, either of the number of double planting holes (with at least two seeds), or of the number of missing planting holes. Both cases are unfavorable for the agricultural producer, generating production losses. This paper discusses the influence of the degree of soil grinding on sowing precision in operating conditions, by determining the spectrum of the vibrations induced in the mechanical structure of row units of a precision planter in contact with the soil of three different plots for three working speeds: 4, 6, and 8 km·h−1. Later, the vibrations were simulated under laboratory conditions, on the stand, by means of rubber hemispheres (with diameters between 30 and 100 mm, corresponding to soil fractions resulting from the determination of the degree of soil grinding) mounted on rubber bands, which actuated the seed meters, for testing under an accelerated regime, outside of the optimal agricultural periods (out of season: beginning mid-May until the end of March), in order to obtain the accuracy of the precision planters. It was found that the sowing precision determined in stationary conditions on the stand, and on a plot with an appropriate degree of seedbed preparation, decreased between 2.92% (at 4 km·h−1) and 6.67% (at 8 km·h−1). The main objective of the tests was to reduce labor costs, which was necessary for the staff involved for determining the qualitative indices of work in real field operating conditions, eliminating fuel consumption, while reducing the duration of testing dependent on meteorological factors (season, temperatures, and precipitation, etc.).
Highlights
Introduction iationsAgricultural technological processes have a special feature that fundamentally distinguishes them from the actual industrial ones: they suffer from the influences of many disruptive factors whose study requires complicated procedures and rather complex analysis mechanisms
In order to determine the influence of the degree of soil grinding that occurs under operating conditions, it is necessary to know the variation spectrum of the vibration induced in the mechanical structures of precision planters at contact with the ground during movement on different work plots with a different degree of seedbed processing
8 km·h−1 as normal working conditions [59]. These tests were necessary to establish the difference between the sowing precision determined when stationary, as in [60], on the stand, and the actual precision when simulating in laboratory, on the same stand, the actual operating conditions determined in the field
Summary
Introduction iationsAgricultural technological processes have a special feature that fundamentally distinguishes them from the actual industrial ones: they suffer from the influences of many disruptive factors whose study requires complicated procedures and rather complex analysis mechanisms. IoT-connected ecosystem), has the ultimate aim of increasing food quality [1,2,3,4,5]. All results of field tests must be rigorously interpreted in direct connection with the conditions under which they were performed. The precision sowing technique involves sowing one or more weeding plant seeds Melons) in evenly spaced planting holes on equidistant rows, representing the current sowing method, unlike the sowing technique in rows that performs the distribution of seeds in equidistant rows, in continuous flow [6]. In terms of conceptual design of precision planters, aims at optimizing the qualitative working indices provided in the modern agrotechnical norms [7,8]
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