Simulation of realization of ski-racers’ functional potentials in passing ski trails of different complexity

Мета. Виділити типи реакції кардіореспіраторної системи (КРС) на гіперкапнічні зрушення дихального гомеостазису кваліфікованих спортсменів, які спеціалізувалися на змагальних дистанціях різної тривалості, а також визначити їх взаємозв’язок з характером реалізації енергетичного і функціонального потенціалу в умовах фізичних навантажень. Методи. Для аналізу реакцій КРС на фізичні навантаження було використано комплекс тестів, який дав можливість визначити аеробні й анаеробні можливості організму спортсменів. Для оцінки реакції КРС на гіперкапнію використовували прогресуючу гіперкапнічну стимуляцію методом «зворотного дихання». Визначали характеристики функціональної підготовленості спортсменів. Результати. Зі збільшенням тривалості основної змагальної дистанції і рівня загальної працездатності спортсменів відзначалося зниження чутливості КРС до CO 2 -H + -стимула. Встановлено позитивний взаємозв’язок між характеристиками чутливості КРС до CO 2 -H + -стимула з рівнем реакцій КРС і швидкістю їх розвитку в умовах навантаження середньої аеробної потужності і негативний взаємозв’язок – в умовах навантаження максимальної аеробної потужності

Purpose: the aim of this study was to determine the principal differences of changes in the cardiorespiratory system activity under the influence of traction manipulations in the thoracic spine of men and women. Material & Methods: the 26 adults were involved in the study, including 18 women aged 39.6±12.1 years and 8 men aged 36.3±8.3 years. All patients were diagnosed with osteochondrosis of the thoracic spine, which was confirmed by radiographic examination. The study of the cardiorespiratory system was conducted in the first procedure of SMT before and after the use of traction manipulations directly in the physician office. The integrated method of studying the cardiorespiratory system defined as spiroarteriocardiorhythmography (SACR) was used. It simultaneously records the heart rate, rhythms of systolic and diastolic pressure at each heartbeat and respiratory rhythms, which provides significant time savings to determine the functional state of the heart, vessels and respiration, as well as to identify the important parameters of their interaction. Results: characterizing the changes in the cardiorespiratory system as a whole under the influence of traction manipulations on the thoracic spine, it should be noted that men and women had some significant unidirectional changes in HR (min–1), CO (dm3), CI (dm3/m2), IH (n. u.), which are determined primarily by the decrease in HR (min–1) under the influence of traction manipulations. As to the men, the significant effects were more related to the impact on the contractile function of the heart, which was confirmed by the improvement of the electrical systole of the ventricles (QTC, s), the increase in the activity of the effects of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS on the cardiac rhythm (HF, ms2) and a certain increase in the stroke index within the normative values (SI, cm3/m2), then to the women the significant effects were more related to the influence on the breathing pattern and vascular tone. Thus, characteristic and positive effects in women can be considered a decrease in the variability of diastolic blood pressure in the very-low-frequency range (VLFDBP, mmHg2), which is combined with a decrease in the total power of diastolic pressure variability (TPDBP, mmHg2) and an increase in the total peripheral vascular resistance (GPVR, dyn/s/cm−5). Conclusions: summarizing the results of the impact of traction manipulations in the thoracic spine on the cardiorespiratory system of men and women, it can be stated that their effect is different and has features associated with the use of different mechanisms. For men, the predominant effect is on the heart contractile function, and for women it is on the respiratory system and autonomous regulation of vascular tone.

To assess the predictive value of adipokines in relation to a personalized approach to the need for an in-depth examination of young patients with T1DM. The study included 98 patients without CVD: 70 patients with T1DM (mean age 26.4±8.1 years) and 28 patients without DM (mean age 27±9 years). All patients underwent a general clinical examination, the levels of adipokines were determined, ergospirometry, echocardiography, and bioimpedancemetry were performed. Changes in the cardiorespiratory system in patients with T1DM were revealed, in comparison with persons without T1DM: anaerobic threshold was reached faster (p=0.001), maximum oxygen consumption was lower (p=0.048), metabolic equivalent was reduced (p=0.0001). Signs of myocardial remodeling were found in the T1DM group: there was an increase in the relative wall thickness (p=0.001), the posterior wall of the left ventricle (p=0.001), myocardial mass index (p=0.049), in comparison with persons without T1DM. Changes in the adipokines system were revealed: higher levels of resistin (p=0.002) and visfatin (p=0.001), lower level of adiponectin (p=0.040) in T1DM. A positive correlation was found between posterior wall of the left ventricle and visfatin (p=0.014) and a negative relationship between adiponectin and relative wall thickness (p=0.018) in T1DM. In T1DM, even at a young age, there are multifactorial changes in the heart, which can be detected even at the preclinical stage. The data obtained can be used to identify groups of patients at high risk of developing dangerous CVD in T1DM, which can form the basis for determining the timing of the start of preventive therapy.

The pulse oximeter signals have the potential to provide information about the functioning of the cardiorespiratory control system and its changing occurring due to aging and disease. The present study aimed to extract information on the system complexity of cardiorespiratory control system using pulse oximeter signals for predicting adverse health related events in elderly subjects. In this study we used complexity-based methods such as approximate entropy, sample entropy, permutation entropy, spectral entropy and singular value decomposition entropy to quantify the complex structure of pulse oximeter signals of young and elderly subject to decode age related changes in oxygen saturation. The dataset used in this study comprises of 36 healthy subjects, out of which 20 subjects are young and 16 are elderly. We use complexity-based methods such as approximate entropy, sample entropy, permutation entropy, spectral entropy and singular value decomposition entropy as feature sets and machine learning techniques including artificial neural networks, k-nearest neighbor, logistic Regression and random forest algorithms for developing prediction model. We used evaluation metrics true positive rate (TPR), false positive rate (FPR), precision, recall, F-Measure, and area under receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) and total accuracy. The developed prediction model detects malfunction of cardiorespiratory control system in elderly subjects with an accuracy average of around 80%. The outcomes of the study can be helpful for clinicians for developing therapeutic interventions, and government for devising management strategies for those suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and heart failure in elderly subjects.

The prevalence of vegetative-vascular (neuro-circulatory) dystonia of the hypertensive type in children has recently been observed. The so-called constitutional type of VVD can occur under hormonal changes; it also could be caused by central nervous system serious disorders, due to post-infectious diseases as well as addiction to alcohol and tonic drinks. The signs of VVD in adults and children are practically the same. The predominant symptom is vasoconstriction, whereby the body reacts with an increase in blood pressure. The aim of the study is to develop a set of rehabilitation methods using health aerobics classes for children aged 14–16 with hypertensive vegetative-vascular dystonia and to evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive physical rehabilitation program. The study involved 21 adolescent children. In the course of study there were applied empirical, sociological, clinical, instrumental and mathematical statistics research methods, that contributed to solving the problem through the development of an integrated program of physical rehabilitation for children aged 14–16 with hypertensive vegetative-vascular dystonia using recreational aerobics. There was also studied the effect of this program on the cardiorespiratory system and physical performance on the basis of the results obtained. Outcomes. The results of the study made it possible to ascertain that children who underwent a rehabilitation course in accordance with the program developed, recorded significant positive changes in the cardiorespiratory system, which was determined in terms of heart rate and blood pressure measurement, and the general adaptive capacity of the body, which was estimated using the Rufier functional test and step test.

The prevalence of vegetative-vascular (neuro-circulatory) dystonia of the hypertensive type in children has recently been observed. The so-called constitutional type of VVD can occur under hormonal changes; it also could be caused by central nervous system serious disorders, due to post-infectious diseases as well as addiction to alcohol and tonic drinks. The signs of VVD in adults and children are practically the same. The predominant symptom is vasoconstriction, whereby the body reacts with an increase in blood pressure. The aim of the study is to develop a set of rehabilitation methods using health aerobics classes for children aged 14–16 with hypertensive vegetative-vascular dystonia and to evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive physical rehabilitation program. The study involved 21 adolescent children. In the course of study there were applied empirical, sociological, clinical, instrumental and mathematical statistics research methods, that contributed to solving the problem through the development of an integrated program of physical rehabilitation for children aged 14–16 with hypertensive vegetative-vascular dystonia using recreational aerobics. There was also studied the effect of this program on the cardiorespiratory system and physical performance on the basis of the results obtained. Outcomes. The results of the study made it possible to ascertain that children who underwent a rehabilitation course in accordance with the program developed, recorded significant positive changes in the cardiorespiratory system, which was determined in terms of heart rate and blood pressure measurement, and the general adaptive capacity of the body, which was estimated using the Rufier functional test and step test.

Patterns of cardio-respiratory motor outputs during acute and subacute exposure to chlorpyrifos in an ex-vivo in situ preparation in rats

In the conditions of Russian North recreation activity is usually carried out by means of latitudinal displacement from North to South and realization of health-related activity. Herein a regular question about of their effectiveness arises. Tradition statistic methods of parameter evaluation of the cardiovascular system (CVS) homeostasis of a person, in this case, show poor efficiency; often they do not show differences between the organism's state before and after the treatment. The aim of the research was to study the effect of latitudinal movements on the process of functional systems changes of children's organisms. Information on the indices state of cardiovascular system of schoolchildren was acquired by the method of pulseintervalography on the basis of the pulse oximeter "EL0KS-01". The CVS parameters of schoolchildren were analyzed in the process of latitudinal displacement (from north to south of the Russian Federation and vice versa). The result of the study showed that a two weeks' vacation in the south reduced the quasi-attractors' size of the vector state of children's organisms in the six-dimensional phase space of states (m = 6) and partially normalized the indices of their cardiorespiratory system. The volume of quasi-attractors (m = 6) after returning to Surgut decreased 2,3 times in boys and 4,7 times in girls in comparison with the state before leaving to the south. However, the reaction in girls was more expressed and persistent than in boys, who showed a partial return to their original state (before departure) after their return from the south. In fact, girls show an exponential decrease of quasi-attractors volumes, and boys - a parabolic type depending on VG from the type of stay (registration). Similar dynamics was observed in age-related changes of quasi-attractors volumes of cardiointervals of Khanty women (decrease in volumes with age) and newcomers (they had a parabola for quasi-attractors of cardiointervals). Conclusion: calculation of the parameters of CVS quasi-attractors shows a significant difference in all diagnostic parameters from the results of statistical processing of primary data.

The major goal of this study was to determine the effects of short-term group-based step aerobics (GBSA) exercise on the bone metabolism, bone mineral density (BMD), and functional fitness of postmenopausal women (PMW) with low bone mass. Forty-eight PMW (aged 58.2±3.5years) with low bone mass (lumbar spine BMD T-score of -2.00±0.67) were recruited and randomly assigned to an exercise group (EG) or to a control group (CG). Participants from the EG attended a progressive 10-week GBSA exercise at an intensity of 75-85% of heart rate reserve, 90min per session, and three sessions per week. Serum bone metabolic markers (C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen [CTX] and osteocalcin), BMD, and functional fitness components were measured before and after the training program. Mixed-models repeated measures method was used to compare differences between the groups (α=0.05). After the 10-week intervention period, there was no significant exercise program by time interaction for CTX; however, the percent change for CTX was significantly different between the groups (EG=-13.1±24.4% vs. CG=11.0±51.5%, P<0.05). While there was no significant change of osteocalcin in both groups. As expected, there was no significant change of BMD in both groups. In addition, the functional fitness components in the EG were significantly improved, as demonstrated by substantial enhancement in both lower- and upper-limb muscular strength and cardiovascular endurance (P<0.05). The current short-term GBSA exercise benefited to bone metabolism and general health by significantly reduced bone resorption activity and improved functional fitness in PMW with low bone mass. This suggested GBSA could be adopted as a form of group-based exercise for senior community.

Background: The features of functional capacities of elite basketball players related to game functions (players of various lines) have been analyzed on the basis of evaluation of the physiological reactivity characteristics It has been assumed that some specific characteristics are related to efficient competitive activity and are manifestations of endurance: power of cardiorespiratory system (CRS), economy, mobility, stability and ability to realize the potential of the system for specific workload. Material/Methods: Twenty nine elite male basketball players were examined during the competitive period of training. For the analysis of CRS response to physical exercises the complex of the tests for estimating aerobic capacity and anaerobic possibilities of athletes were used. Results: The results showed that basketball players of various game functions have different levels of functional fitness and components of aerobic capacities. Conclusion: A possibility to efficiently control the preparation of athletes and determine the most optimal character of their competitive activity has been considered on the basis of an account of functional capacities level and differences in its levels in athletes of different game functions.

In the modern world with the advent of devices that facilitate work (computer, technical equipment) has decreased sharply motor activity of people compared to previous decades. This, in the end, leads to a decrease in human functionality, as well as various diseases. Today, purely physical work does not play a significant role, it is replaced by mental. Intellectual work dramatically reduces the efficiency of the body. Lack of human energy expenditure leads to inconsistencies in the functioning of individual systems (muscular, skeletal, respiratory, cardiovascular) and the body as a whole with the environment, as well as reduced immunity and impaired metabolism.&#x0D; Exercise affects all muscle groups, joints, ligaments, which become strong, increase muscle volume, elasticity, strength and rate of contraction. Increased muscle activity forces the heart, lungs and other organs and systems of our body to work with additional load, thereby increasing the functional capabilities of man, his resistance to adverse environmental influences. Regular exercise primarily affects the musculoskeletal system, muscles. When you exercise, the muscles generate heat, to which the body responds by increased sweating. During exercise, blood flow increases: the blood brings oxygen and nutrients to the muscles, which in the process of life break down, releasing energy. When movements in the muscles additionally open reserve capillaries, the amount of circulating blood increases significantly, which causes an improvement in metabolism. In response to the reaction of the human body to exercise, the first place is occupied by the influence of the cerebral cortex on the regulation of the functions of the basic systems: there is a change in the cardiorespiratory system, gas exchange, metabolism, and others. Exercises enhance the functional restructuring of all parts of the musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular and other systems, improve tissue metabolism. Under the influence of moderate physical activity increases the efficiency of the heart, hemoglobin and red blood cell count, increases the phagocytic function of the blood. Improves the function and structure of the internal organs, improves chemical processing and promotion of food in the intestine. The combined activity of muscles and internal organs is regulated by the nervous system, the function of which is also improved by regular exercise.&#x0D; If the muscles do not work - their nutrition deteriorates, volume and strength decrease, elasticity and resilience decrease, they become weak, sluggish. Restrictions in movement (hypodynamia), passive lifestyle lead to various pre-pathological and pathological changes in the human body. So, the American doctors, having deprived volunteers of movements by imposing of high plaster and having kept to them a normal diet, were convinced that in 40 days at them muscle atrophy began and fat has accumulated. At the same time increased the reactivity of the cardiovascular system and decreased basal metabolism. However, during the next 4 weeks, when the subjects began to move actively (with the same diet), the above phenomena were eliminated, the muscles were strengthened and hypertrophied. Thus, due to physical exertion, recovery was possible both in functional and structural terms. Exercise has a multifaceted effect on the human body, increasing its resistance to adverse environmental influences. For example, physically trained people have better tolerance to oxygen starvation than untrained people. High ability to work at increase of body temperature over 38 ° C during physical exertions is noted. It has been noticed that radiologists who exercise have a lower degree of influence of penetrating radiation on the morphological composition of the blood. Animal experiments have shown that regular muscle training slows the development of malignant tumors.&#x0D; Regular exercise in physical education promotes good health and affects the various physiological adaptations of the neuromuscular, cardiovascular and respiratory systems of the human body. Types of physical activities are considered: aerobic, anaerobic, interval and hypoxic physical activities.

Purpose: to test experimentally influence of worked out extra-training means’ complex on functional potentials of elite fencers. Material: in the research 12 qualified sportsmen participated. Changes in cardio-respiratory system’s responses were detected by training impulse. Results: application of experimental complex resulted in increase of training impulse by 1.94 conv.un., than traditional sportsmen’s warming up. With usage of experimental complex sportsmen fulfilled, in average, 64.4% of work in zones of sub-maximal and maximal intensity. Restoration of heart beats rate of all sportsmen was within standard requirements (restoration of 120 b.p.m. during 3 minutes). In conditions of traditional warming up sportsmen fulfilled, in average, 71.2% of work with low or moderate intensity. Conclusions: the offered complex of extra-training influences increase effectiveness of pre-start warming up, raise organism’s potentials for realization of available functional potential.

Background. The purpose was to study the nature of changes in the cardiorespiratory system in the case of short-term hypoxemia during functional tests with breath-holding. Materials and methods. The paper presents the results of a survey of school-age children with acute bronchitis with and without obstructive syndrome (60 patients) and a group of healthy children (52 people). Patients underwent pulse oximetry in combination with hypoxic tests for breath-holding with data recording on a computer and performed a Rufier test. Results. The severity of bronchitis in patients in the first days was average on the BSS-ped scale — 7.79 ± 0.19 points. The level of blood oxygen saturation was normal (above 95 %), but there was a difference between the groups: in patients with obstructive syndrome it was 98.60 ± 0.04 %, in the absence of this syndrome — 98.80 ± 0.03 %, which was lower than in the control group — 99.00 ± 0.01 % (p &lt; 0.05). Time of breath-holding did not differ significantly between groups, but there was a slight decrease in saturation after them. There was greater reaction to breath-holding on exhalation. Level of oxygenation in patients with bronchitis achieved by increasing heart rate. Due to the phenomena of relative hypoxemia of peripheral tissues during convalescence, there was a decrease in tolerance to physical loading after the Rufier test. Conclusions. It is established that even in mild forms of acute bronchitis in children, according to functional tests, there is a decrease in gas exchange reserves, especially in the presence of obstructive syndrome. Compensatory mechanisms to maintain blood saturation are based on increasing systemic blood flow due to increased heart rate.

Context: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is one of the most common laparoscopic procedures done. Laparoscopy involves pneumoperitoneum and its subsequent effects. It involves changes in cardiorespiratory system. Earlier studies have documented usefulness of Clonidine in this context. Aims: (1) Evaluation of hemodynamic changes in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy receiving pre-operative clonidine infusion. (2) Effect of intravenous clonidine on post-operative analgesia measured in time duration for first rescue analgesic. Settings and Design: This was a prospective, randomized, double blind study. It was conducted at a single specialty high volume tertiary care center. Subjects and Methods: The study took place at a tertiary specialty institute from July 2012 to September 2012. It involved 60 cases randomized into 2 groups by simple randomization. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical analysis for the inter group hemodynamic parameters and numerical data was done using paired t-test, while categorical data was analyzed by Chi-square test. P ≤ 0.005 was considered to be significant. Results: Clonidine group of patients had significantly lower systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures with significantly lower heart rate and also statistically significant prolongation of post-operative analgesia and sedation. Conclusions: Clonidine pre-operatively given as infusion in dose of 4 mcg/kg in laparoscopic surgeries, provides a stable hemodynamic state with minimal additional drug requirement and good post-operative analgesia.

Smoking is a risk factor for many diseases. In particular, it leads to the development of chronic bronchitis and its complications. However, in spite of the urgency of the research of cardiorespiratory system state in smokers, there are almost no data in the literature about the complex study of this system in this contingent. The aim of this work is to elucidate the mechanisms of early changes in the cardiorespiratory system and to develop methods for their diagnostics in smokers who consider themselves healthy. 325 smokers and 197 non-smokers were examined. Their medical history was studied, ECG, fluoro- and spirography (GEL, SPHF, Votchal-Tiffno index) were performed. Smokers considered themselves healthy, they did not have any complaints.