Simulation and Modeling of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Carboxylic Acid Thiols on Flat and Nanoparticle Gold Surfaces

Abstract

Quantitative analysis of the 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid self-assembled monolayer (C16 COOH-SAM) layer thickness on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was performed using simulation of electron spectra for surface analysis (SESSA) software and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experimental measurements. XPS measurements of C16 COOH-SAMs on flat gold surfaces were made at nine different photoelectron emission angles (5-85° in 10° increments), corrected using geometric weighting factors and then summed together to approximate spherical AuNPs. The SAM thickness and relative surface roughness (RSA) in SESSA were optimized to determine the best agreement between simulated and experimental surface composition. On the basis of the glancing-angle results, it was found that inclusion of a hydrocarbon-contamination layer on top the C16 COOH-SAM was necessary to improve the agreement between the SESSA and XPS results. For the 16 COOH-SAMs on flat Au surfaces, using a SAM thickness of 1.1 Å/CH(2) group, an RSA of 1.05, and a 1.5 Å CH(2)-contamination overlayer (total film thickness = 21.5 Å) for the SESSA calculations provided the best agreement with the experimental XPS data. After applying the appropriate geometric corrections and summing the SESSA flat-surface compositions, the best fit results for the 16 COOH-SAM thickness and surface roughness on the AuNPs indicated a slightly thinner overlayer with parameters of 0.9 Å/CH(2) group in the SAM, an RSA of 1.06 RSA, and a 1.5 Å CH(2)-contamination overlayer (total film thickness = 18.5 Å). The 3 Å difference in SAM thickness between the flat Au and AuNP surfaces suggests that the alkyl chains of the SAM are slightly more tilted or disordered on the AuNP surfaces.