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Abstract
Distribution and elimination of petroleum products can be predicted in aerobic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using models such as multimedia fate model SimpleTreat. An advantage of the SimpleTreat model is that it only requires a few basic properties of a chemical in wastewater to calculate partitioning, biodegradation and ultimately emissions to air, surface water and produced sludge. The SimpleTreat model structure reflects a WWTP scheme. However, refinery WWTPs typically incorporate more advanced treatment processes such as dissolved air flotation (DAF), a process that clarifies wastewaters by the removal of suspended matter such as oil or solids. The objective of this work was to develop a WWTP removal model that includes DAF treatment. To understand how including a DAF in the model affects the predicted concentrations of petroleum constituents in effluent, we replaced the primary sedimentation module in SimpleTreat with a module simulating DAF. Subsequently, we compared results from the WWTP-DAF model with results obtained with the original SimpleTreat model for a library of over 1500 representative hydrocarbon constituents. The increased air-water exchange in a WWTP-DAF unit resulted in higher predicted removal of volatile constituents. Predicted removal with DAF was on average 17% larger than removal with primary sedimentation. We compared modelled results with measured removal data from the literature, which supported that this model refinement continues to improve the technical basis of assessment of petroleum products.
Highlights
Contamination of the aquatic environment can occur via many routes such as sewage disposal, run-off from agricultural land, atmospheric fallout and waste management activities, includingN.W
In recognition of the hydrophobic nature and content of petroleum compounds, more advanced treatment processes have been implemented in refinery WWTPs compared to e.g. municipal WWTPs
We have developed, implemented and tested a dissolved air flotation (DAF) module for the wastewater treatment simulation model SimpleTreat, to replace the currently used primary settler module
Summary
Contamination of the aquatic environment can occur via many routes such as sewage disposal, run-off from agricultural land, atmospheric fallout and waste management activities, includingN.W. The physical-chemical properties of these compounds vary widely and as a result, the substances will behave differently upon release to the environment (van de Meent et al, 2010). In recognition of the hydrophobic nature and content of petroleum compounds, more advanced treatment processes have been implemented in refinery WWTPs compared to e.g. municipal WWTPs. Some technologies are based on separation processes such as flotation and membrane separation (Yu et al, 2017), while others are based on hydrocarbon degradation by biological (Scholz and Fuchs, 2000) or chemical (Ma and Wang, 2006; Santos et al, 2006) processes. Adapting SimpleTreat for simulating behaviour of chemical substances during industrial sewage treatment.
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