Abstract
The aim of this study is to demonstrate the potential of polyvinyl alcohol phantoms to simulate atherosclerotic features. In addition, a testing and simulation framework is developed for full PVA vessel material characterization using ring tensile testing and inflation testing combined with non-invasive ultrasound imaging and computational modelling. Strain stiffening behavior was observed in PVA through ring tensile tests, particularly at high (n=6) freeze-thaw cycles. Inflation testing of bi-layered phantoms featuring lipid pool inclusions demonstrated high strains at shoulder regions. The application of an inverse finite element framework successfully recovered boundaries and determined the shear moduli for the PVA wall to lie within the range 27 kPa to 53 kPa. The imaging-modelling framework presented facilitates the use and characterization of arterial mimicking phantoms to further explore plaque rupture. It also shows translational potential for non-invasive mechanical characterization of atherosclerotic plaques to improve the identification of clinically relevant metrics of plaque vulnerability.
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