Abstract
This article reviews the applications of silicone resins as ceramic precursors. The historical background of silicone synthesis chemistry is introduced to explain the production costs and supply availability of various silicones. Thermal degradation processes of silicones are classified in terms of the main chain structure and cyclic oligomer expulsion process, which determine the resulting ceramic yield and the chemical composition. The high temperature decomposition of Si-O-C beyond 1,400 °C in an inert atmosphere and formation of a protective silica layer on material surfaces beyond 1,200 °C in an oxidative atmosphere are discussed from the viewpoints of the wide chemical composition of the Si-O-C materials. Applications of the resins for binding agents, as starting materials for porous ceramics, matrix sources with impregnation, fiber spinning and ceramic adhesions are introduced. The recent development of the process of filler or cross-linking agent additions to resin compounds is also introduced. Such resin compounds are useful for obtaining thick coatings, MEMS parts and bulk ceramics, which are difficult to obtain by pyrolysis of simple organometallic precursors without additives.
Highlights
The polymer precursor method has been mainly developed in the field of inorganic fibers
The recent development of the process of filler or cross-linking agent additions to resin compounds is introduced. Such resin compounds are useful for obtaining thick coatings, MEMS parts and bulk ceramics, which are difficult to obtain by pyrolysis of simple organometallic precursors without additives
The high temperature resistance of ceramic fibers derived from polycarbosilanes is being continuously improved, even at present [5,6,7,8]
Summary
The polymer precursor method has been mainly developed in the field of inorganic fibers. Just around the time of World War II, various silicone polymers, the polysiloxanes, were synthesized on a large scale and widely commercialized They are available as electric insulator coatings, surface treatments for glass materials, heat resistant oils and chemically stable elastomers. Electric a direct synthesis process for organosilicon monomers without the aid of Mg in 1940 This was essential progress in the silicone industry. Higher temperature (400–500 °C) and a larger amount of Cu content (30 mass %) are required Compared to such direct syntheses using the Si-Cu alloy, the following dehydration or dehydrochloration reaction is more efficient and widely available for the production of phenyl chlorosilanes and vinyl chlorosilanes: C6H6 + HSiCl3 → C6H5SiCl3 + H2. From a cursory glance at such chemical processes, we can get a sense of how polymers so unique as the silicones have been widely produced at relatively low cost, and what kind of silicone is more popular from the viewpoint of the industry
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