Abstract
Soil contamination with toxic cadmium (Cd) is becoming a serious global problem and poses a key hazard to environments and the health of human beings worldwide. The present study investigated the effects of foliar applications of three forms of silicate chemicals (calcium silicate, sodium silicate, and potassium silicate) at four rates (0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.0%) at tillering stage on rice growth and the accumulation of Cd under Cd stress (30 mg kg−1). The results showed that Cd stress reduced the yield-related traits and enlarged Cd contents in different rice organs. The leaf gas exchange attributes and yield traits were enhanced, and the Cd accumulation and bioaccumulation factor in rice organs were reduced, especially in grains, through silicon application. In shoots, roots, and grains, foliar spray of Si reduced Cd contents by 40.3%, 50.7%, and 47.9%, respectively. The effectiveness of silicate compounds in reducing Cd toxicity varied with the kind of chemicals and doses of foliar applications. Foliar application of potassium silicate, at a rate of 0.5%, at tillering stage, showed the best effectiveness in improving grain yield, while mitigating Cd accumulation in rice grains. The outcome of this study provides a promising practicable approach in alleviating Cd toxicity in rice and preventing the entrance of Cd into the food chain.
Highlights
Analysis of variance showed that various types of silicate chemicals (C), different levels (T), and the interactive effect of C × T meaningfully (p ≤ 0.01) affected the root, shoot length, and rice plants height grown in Cd-spiked soil (Table 1)
Maximum increases in the root length (76.9%), shoot length (78.9%), and plant height (53.0%) were observed where foliar application of 0.50% of potassium silicate solution was applied, as compared to the control (Table 1)
Our findings showed that values are lower than one even for control, but of quantity and the health rick lessened by it by the use of food with contamination thatOur theyfindings may exceed the stated limitvalues if Cd-contaminated rice grains for athat showed that health risk index (HRI)
Summary
Environmental contamination, due to heavy metals pollution, has become an alarming issue in many countries. Cadmium is very mobile, which is why it can enter into our food chain and pose adverse health-related effects [9]. For many countries, these agricultural soils have been contaminated with Cd from irrigation, due to waste, effluent from different kinds of chemical and fertilizers industries, mining, and landfills [10,11]. On the other hand, when raw-effluent, polluted with metals, is applied to food crops, these toxic metals enter into plants’ edible parts and cause adverse effects to those who consume such contaminated crops [15,16]
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