Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a field that aims to influence and improvise the processes of tissue repair and restoration and to assist the body to heal and recover. In the field of hard tissue regeneration, bio-inert materials are being predominantly used, and there is a necessity to use bioactive materials that can help in better tissue–implant interactions and facilitate the healing and regeneration process. One such bioactive material that is being focused upon and studied extensively in the past few decades is bioactive glass (BG). The original bioactive glass (45S5) is composed of silicon dioxide, sodium dioxide, calcium oxide, and phosphorus pentoxide and is mainly referred to by its commercial name Bioglass. BG is mainly used for bone tissue regeneration due to its osteoconductivity and osteostimulation properties. The bioactivity of BG, however, is highly dependent on the compositional ratio of certain glass-forming system content. The manipulation of content ratio and the element compositional flexibility of BG-forming network developed other types of bioactive glasses with controllable chemical durability and chemical affinity with bone and bioactivity. This review article mainly discusses the basic information about silica-based bioactive glasses, including their composition, processing, and properties, as well as their medical applications such as in bone regeneration, as bone grafts, and as dental implant coatings.
Highlights
Regenerative medicine (RM) is a modern non-operative treatment solution that utilizes the body’s natural healing process to rebuild damaged tissue, heal injuries more effectively, and eliminate pain
Studies have suggested that adding an acidic medium to the bioactive glasses can boost their bioactivity and result in releasing large amounts of calcium and phosphate ions onto the dental hard tissues, which results in their re-mineralization [86,87,90,91,92,93,94,95,96]
The use of bioactive glasses is a promising field of study that has achieved positive results in various applications
Summary
Regenerative medicine (RM) is a modern non-operative treatment solution that utilizes the body’s natural healing process to rebuild damaged tissue, heal injuries more effectively, and eliminate pain. Bioactive glasses (BGs) are being used for bone tissue engineering applications and they form a very good material to produce scaffolds for bone regeneration. This is because they have reasonable mechanical strength and can withstand stress, they do not undergo corrosion, and they are biocompatible and biodegradable. Bioglass interacts with its biological surrounding and elicits a specific biological response, for example, the hydroxyapatite layer formation between the tissue and material [27] This displays the bioactivity of BGs. Figure 1 depicts the applications of bioactive glasses in angiogenesis, osteogenesis, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activities [28]. BGs in nanoscale demonstrate a better osteo conductivity as compared to normal bulky BGs [50]
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