Abstract
Data on the roles of signaling molecules in the organization and control of cognitive functions of healthy and “ill” brains are analyzed. As an initial mechanism of memory physiology, we determine the complex of biochemical processes that are triggered by signal transmission in a synapse and finish with the fixation of information in the genomic apparatus. The center of these events is a coordinated system that includes transduction, transcription, epigenetic, and regulatory (neurotrophic) proteins. Dissonance of these mechanisms is a primary cause of memory disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, and psychic disorders. We consider the data of experimental and clinical observations on the role of the multilevel system of signaling molecules during aging, neurodegenerative (Alzheimer’s), and psychic disorders (depression). However, signaling molecules may be considered as well-defined targets for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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