Abstract
Leaf senescence is a degenerative process that is genetically controlled and involves nutrient remobilization prior to the death of leaf tissues. Age is a key developmental determinant of the process along with other senescence inducing factors. At the cellular level, different hormones, signaling molecules, and transcription factors contribute to the regulation of senescence. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the complexity of the senescence process with primary focuses on perception and transduction of senescence signals as well as downstream regulatory events. Future directions in this field and potential applications of related techniques in crop improvement will be discussed.
Highlights
Leaf senescence is the cumulative response of multiple factors operating at the final stages of the plant life cycle
Plants with short life cycles restore the translocated nutrients into their seeds and fruits while in perennial plants like trees, the stem and root serve as storage organs to be utilized later on for the emergence of new leaves and flowers in the season [4,5,6]
Microarray studies have revealed increased expression of genes involved in biosynthesis and signaling responses of Abscisic acid (ABA) during senescence in Arabidopsis [18]
Summary
Leaf senescence is the cumulative response of multiple factors operating at the final stages of the plant life cycle. The gradual degradation of chloroplasts and loss of photosynthetic activities leave the yellow footprint on the leaf surface from the tip to the base This preferential break down of chlorophyll leads to the color change of monocarpic plants from green to golden yellow as the grain matures before harvesting. Leaf senescence can be viewed as a process of cell degenration and death, but deep down it is a systematic mechanism that operates under tight genetic control to ensure the survival of the plant and accumulation of nutrients for the generation. The triggered pathways as a result of external and internal signaling factors formulate a complex network of leaf senescence regulation [8,9]. We summarize all those essential factors and components that are involved in signal transductions with a view of contemporary research and advancement made in this important developmental phase of senescence
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