Abstract
Abstract. This paper focusses on a transmission line (TL) based model which allows to investigate the impact of multilayered obstructions in the propagating path of a radar signal at different distances and in combination with disturbances. Those disturbances can be water, snow, ice, and foliage at different densities, temperatures, positions, with a given thickness and layer combination. For the evaluation of the detectability of objects, the impulse response of the system can be obtained. Investigations employing state-of-the-art radar hardware confirm the consistency of theoretical and experimental results for 24 and 77 GHz. The analysis in this paper supports testing the specifications for radar systems, before carrier frequency and antenna layout are finally decided. Thereby, the radar system parameters can be adjusted toward employed carrier frequency, bandwidth, required sensitivity, antenna and amplifier gain. Since automotive standards define operational environmental conditions such as temperature, rain rate, and layer thickness, these parameters can be included and adapted. A novel optimisation methodology for radomes is presented which allows to boost the dynamic range by almost 6 dB with presence of a worst-case cover layer of water. The findings can be utilised to properly design radar systems for automotive applications in autonomous driving, in which other vulnerable road users have to be protected under all circumstances.
Highlights
During the last decade radar systems have experienced a renaissance with a broad field of new applications
This paper focusses on a transmission line (TL) based model which allows to investigate the impact of multilayered obstructions in the propagating path of a radar signal at different distances and in combination with disturbances
To verify the correctness and the performance of the TL model, the calculated results are compared to Computer Systems Technology (CST) Microwave Studio (MWS)
Summary
During the last decade radar systems have experienced a renaissance with a broad field of new applications. The first automotive radar system was employed in the 1960s, nowadays all middle class and above vehicles are equipped with at least one radar system For these radar systems, mostly two frequencies are utilised: 24 GHz for short range radar (SRR) and 77 GHz for long range radar (LRR). G. Ehrnsperger et al.: Signal degradation through sediments safety-critical sensor systems have – by definition – to be operational at all times, to ensure maximum safety, and second, since an external installation has to be taken into consideration, the resulting environmental influences must be evaluated and operationability must be self-tested. As a matter of fact, the detection of an object can only be successful if a signal is received For this purpose, radomes are generally employed to protect the system. In consequence the false alert rate increases which significantly affects the system performance and may lead to a raised customer frustration and endangerment level
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