Abstract
Although recognized as the most well-trained providers to address musculoskeletal injuries, many orthopaedic surgeons do not routinely treat patients with nonmusculoskeletal issues in their clinical practice. Nonetheless, when serving as a team physician, an orthopaedic surgeon may need to initiate management of or manage many nonmusculoskeletal issues. Knowing how to accurately diagnose and initiate management of sports-related medical and surgical conditions is an important facet of being an orthopaedic team physician. Common systems that may be involved include the cerebral/neurologic, ocular, dental, respiratory/pulmonary, cardiac, abdominal, and genitourinary systems. Each of these systems has specific pathologic processes and risks related to athletic or sporting participation. Orthopaedic team physicians must have a baseline familiarity with the most common nonmusculoskeletal issues to provide comprehensive quality care to athletes and patients.
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