Abstract
Major advances have been achieved in the field of biologically based therapies for cancer in the last few years, and some of the recently approved 'molecular-targeted therapies' are now being used in daily clinical practice. We aim to review some aspects of the toxicity and safety of small-molecule anti-cancer molecular-targeted therapies, with some insights into the physiopathology and predictive factors of toxicity, its correlation with response, and how to prevent and overcome it. As a whole, small-molecule molecular-targeted therapies are well tolerated. Their toxic profile is favorable, but during the drug development process some severe (sometimes lethal) toxicities have been observed, such as interstitial lung disease in patients treated with drugs targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor. Pharmacogenomic studies can help us to identify those patients with well characterized polymorphisms, and to define the best-tolerated and most effective treatments. Molecular-targeted therapies have a good toxicity profile in general; however, some patients are exquisitely sensitive to developing particular and severe toxicities related to these drugs.
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