Abstract
Shuntō (spring wage struggle), Japan's yearly wage setting institution, until recently played an important role in linking wage raises for low-end earners to those of major firm employees, thus promoting social equity. Following the breakdown of wage linking mechanisms around 1995–2002, unions are presently seeking to revive shuntō by pursuing a variety of new approaches. These include campaigns on behalf of small-firm and non-regular workers, and efforts to make wage and compensation demands more flexible. However, the analysis suggests that unions have failed to generate significant upward wage pressure or restore wage linkage.
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