Shrunken p‐Values for Assessing Differential Expression with Applications to Genomic Data Analysis

Abstract

In many scientific problems involving high-throughput technology, inference must be made involving several hundreds or thousands of hypotheses. Recent attention has focused on how to address the multiple testing issue; much focus has been devoted toward the use of the false discovery rate. In this article, we consider an alternative estimation procedure titled shrunken p-values for assessing differential expression (SPADE). The estimators are motivated by risk considerations from decision theory and lead to a completely new method for adjustment in the multiple testing problem. In addition, the decision-theoretic framework can be used to derive a decision rule for controlling the number of false positive results. Some theoretical results are outlined. The proposed methodology is illustrated using simulation studies and with application to data from a prostate cancer gene expression profiling study.