Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Although concerns of particulate matters (PMs) on health were well-reported, PMs studies, especially ultrafine particles (UFPs) in relation to renal diseases are still limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of UFPs on emergency department (ED) visits of renal diseases. METHODS: This study used a time stratified case-crossover study design with conditional logistic regression. Geocoded ED visits with principal diagnosis of renal diseases (ICD-9 codes: 580-593; ICD-10 codes: N00-19, N25-N29) from 2013-2017 were obtained from New York State Discharge Data. Daily exposure of UFPs and other air pollutants (as confounders) were obtained from a validated chemical transport model with size‐resolved particle microphysics. RESULTS:Among a total of 426,541 ED visits, the strongest excess risks (ER) of UFPs on renal diseases occurred on lag 0-3 days (For each IQR increase, ERIQR (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 0.7 (0.3, 1.0)) after controlling for holidays, PM2.5, NH3, O3, relative humidity, and temperature. Specifically, on lag 0-3 days, the ER increased for older adults ( 65 yrs) (ERIQR = 1.2, 95% CI:0.7, 1.6), and the non-African American (ERIQR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.3, 1.0). Comparing with Non-Hispanics and male, Hispanics and female had the higher ERs (Hispanics: ERIQR (95% CI) = 0.7 (0.1, 1.2); Female: ERIQR (95% CI) = 0.7 (0.3, 1.0)) respectively. The risk effects of UFPs were also increased in fall (ERIQR = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.3, 1.4); or under the extreme temperature (90th, ERIQR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.8, 1.6).:Relative humidity (90th) had higher but not significant ERs. CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggested a short-term association between ED visits of renal diseases and elevated UFPs, especially among the elderly, non-black, Hispanics, and female. Temperature, relative humidity, and seasonality may jointly impact renal diseases with UFPs. KEYWORDS: Ultrafine Particles, Renal Diseases, Chemical Transport Model, Emergency Department Visit
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