Abstract
Purpose: To compare the acute and chronic effects of high intensity intermittent training (HIIT) and steady state training (SST) on the metabolic profile and inflammatory response in physically active men.Methods: Thirty recreationally active men were randomly allocated to a control group (n = 10), HIIT group (n = 10), or SST group (n = 10). For 5 weeks, three times per week, subjects performed HIIT (5 km 1-min at 100% of maximal aerobic speed interspersed by 1-min passive recovery) or SST (5 km at 70% of maximal aerobic speed) while the control group did not perform training. Blood samples were collected at fasting (~12 h), pre-exercise, immediately post, and 60 min post-acute exercise session (pre- and post-5 weeks training). Blood samples were analyzed for glucose, non-ester fatty acid (NEFA), and cytokine (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) levels through a three-way analysis (group, period, and moment of measurement) with repeated measures in the second and third factors.Results: The results showed an effect of moment of measurement (acute session) with greater values to TNF-α and glucose immediately post the exercise when compared to pre exercise session, independently of group or training period. For IL-6 there was an interaction effect for group and moment of measurement (acute session) the increase occurred immediately post-exercise session and post-60 min in the HIIT group while in the SST the increase was observed only 60 min post, independently of training period. For IL-10, there was an interaction for training period (pre- and post-training) and moment of measurement (acute session), in which in pre-training, pre-exercise values were lower than immediately and 60 min post-exercise, in post-training period pre-exercise values were lower than immediately post-exercise and immediately post-exercise lower than 60 min post, it was also observed that values immediately post-exercise were lower pre- than post-training, being all results independently of intensity (group).Conclusion: Our main result point to an interaction (acute and chronic) for IL-10 showing attenuation post-training period independent of exercise intensity.
Highlights
The benefits of an active lifestyle are well-known, since regular practice of exercise imposes a series of challenges on bioenergetic pathways and active skeletal musculature, resulting in metabolic adaptations (Rivera-Brown and Frontera, 2012)
The results showed an effect of moment of measurement with greater values to Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and glucose immediately post the exercise when compared to pre exercise session, independently of group or training period
For IL-10, there was an interaction for training period and moment of measurement, in which in pre-training, pre-exercise values were lower than immediately and 60 min post-exercise, in post-training period pre-exercise values were lower than immediately post-exercise and immediately post-exercise lower than 60 min post, it was observed that values immediately post-exercise were lower pre- than post-training, being all results independently of intensity
Summary
The benefits of an active lifestyle are well-known, since regular practice of exercise imposes a series of challenges on bioenergetic pathways and active skeletal musculature, resulting in metabolic adaptations (Rivera-Brown and Frontera, 2012). We (Cabral-Santos et al, 2015, 2016a,b; Lira et al, 2015; Inoue et al, 2016) and others (Cullen et al, 2016; Dorneles et al, 2016; Wadley et al, 2016) have shown that a single bout of high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) as well as steady state exercise (SSE) are effective for improving glucose tolerance, promoting an antiatherogenic response by increasing adiponectin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and altering cytokine response leading to an anti-inflammatory status, these modifications are dependent on exercise protocol, body fat (lean or obese subjects), and physical fitness levels (Cabral-Santos et al, 2015; Lira et al, 2015; Dorneles et al, 2016; Inoue et al, 2016)
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