Abstract
We introduce a solution for producing ultrashort ($\sim$fs) high charge ($\sim$pC) from ultra-compact guns utilizing single-cycle THz pulses. We show that the readily available THz pulses with energies as low as 20 ?J are sufficient to generate multi-10 keV electron bunches. Moreover, It is demonstrated that THz energies of 2mJ are sufficient to generate relativistic electron bunches with higher than 2 MeV energy. The high acceleration gradients possible in the structures provide 30 fs electron bunches at 30 keV energy and 45 fs bunches at 2 MeV energy. These structures will underpin future devices for strong field THz physics in general and miniaturized electron guns, in which the high fields combined with the short pulse duration enable electron beams with ultrahigh brightness.
Highlights
The achievable acceleration gradient in an accelerator device is known to be the main limiting factor governing the emittance and the length of the output bunch
We introduce a solution for producing ultrashort (∼fs) high charge (∼pC) from ultracompact guns utilizing single-cycle THz pulses
The high acceleration gradients possible in the structures provide 30 fs electron bunches at 30 keV energy and 45 fs bunches at 2 MeV energy. These structures will underpin future devices for strong field THz physics in general and miniaturized electron guns, in which the high fields combined with the short pulse duration enable electron beams with ultrahigh brightness
Summary
The achievable acceleration gradient in an accelerator device is known to be the main limiting factor governing the emittance and the length of the output bunch. The goal in this study is to introduce novel structures that aim to accelerate particles from rest using short pulse excitation, which we like to call single-cycle ultrafast electron guns. This paper presents structures for accelerating particles using single-cycle THz pulses. Detailed numerical simulations of the introduced structures play a central role in the presented research For this purpose, a DGTD/PIC code is employed, which captures all the involved field diffraction effects through the 3D full-vector time-domain solution of the Maxwell’s equations using a discontinuous Galerkin time domain (DGTD) method and computes the electron trajectories using a particle in cell (PIC) algorithm. For more details on the implemented algorithm, the reader is referred to [33]
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