Abstract
Diagnosis of abortion in cattle, sheep and goat have been mainly focused on abortive pathogens with a recognized impact in outbreaks, but the aetiologic diagnosis rates have been historically low worldwide. Thus, we analysed the presence of pathogens in abortion outbreaks, focusing on the less-common pathogens in cattle farms with control programmes for reproductive pathogens, and in ovine and caprine farms. Thirty-one cases from Galician farms submitted to our laboratory during 2013-2015 were analysed (16 bovine, 7 ovine and 8 caprine farms) by polymerase chain reaction and culture from foetal tissues (n = 52 foetuses). Diagnosis was reached in 21/31 farms: 9/16 in bovine, 6/7 in ovine and 6/8 in caprine. Campylobacter spp. were found in all three species (3/9 diagnosed cases in bovine, 2/6 in ovine and 4/6 in caprine). Furthermore, Ureaplasma diversum was detected in cattle (4/9 of diagnosed cases), Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus – 2 was detected in sheep (2/6) and Neospora caninum in goats (1/6). Our results prove the occurrence of abortion in response to pathogens that are traditionally considered less relevant and rarely included in the diagnosis of ruminant abortion. Therefore, differential diagnosis of abortion should consider these pathogens (at least when other causes have been ruled out), to effectively control abortion in farms.
Highlights
Diagnostic rates in ruminant abortions are low worldwide, reaching approximately 50% of the cases (Anderson, 2007; Moeller, 2012; Matthews, 2016)
We analysed the presence of pathogens in abortion outbreaks, focusing on the less-common pathogens in cattle farms with control programmes for reproductive pathogens, and in ovine and caprine farms
Thirty-one cases from Galician farms submitted to our laboratory during 2013-2015 were analysed (16 bovine, 7 ovine and 8 caprine farms) by polymerase chain reaction and culture from foetal tissues (n = 52 foetuses)
Summary
Diagnostic rates in ruminant abortions are low worldwide, reaching approximately 50% of the cases (Anderson, 2007; Moeller, 2012; Matthews, 2016). Most diagnostic laboratories use a standardized diagnostic protocol consisting of a panel of tests (Anderson, 2007) that generally include pathogens that are considered important in abortion outbreaks, such as Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) viruses type 1 (BVDV-1) and type 2 (BVDV-2), Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1), Neospora caninum and Leptospira spp. in cattle, and Chlamydia abortus and Toxoplasma gondii in small ruminants Other pathogens such as Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., or Listeria spp. are considered occasional (Borel et al, 2014), so their presence in panels of diagnosis is variable and it depends on the laboratory.
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