Abstract
Immunity, virulence, biofilm formation, and survival in the host environment are regulated by the versatile nature of density dependent microbial cell signaling, also called quorum sensing (QS). The QS molecules can associate with host plant tissues and, at times, cause a change in its gene expression at the downstream level through inter-kingdom cross talking. Progress in controlling QS through fungicide/bactericide in pathogenic microscopic organisms has lead to a rise of antibiotic resistance pathogens. Here, we review the application of selective quorum quenching (QQ) endophytes to control phytopathogens that are shared by most, if not all, terrestrial plant species as well as aquatic plants. Allowing the plants to posses endophytic colonies through biotization will be an additional and a sustainable encompassing methodology resulting in attenuated virulence rather than killing the pathogens. Furthermore, the introduced endophytes could serve as a potential biofertilizer and bioprotection agent, which in turn increases the PAMP- triggered immunity and hormonal systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in plants through SA-JA-ET signaling systems. This paper discusses major challenges imposed by QS and QQ application in biotechnology.
Highlights
The use of synthetic broad-spectrum fungicides/bactericides in plant disease management results in imbalances within the microbial community and the continuous evolution of multiple bactericideresistant strains
Plants have evolved the ability to affect bacterial Acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-quorum sensing (QS) systems given that they produce low molecular weight compounds that interfere by acting as agonists or antagonists (Adonizio et al, 2006; Degrassi et al, 2007)
The quorum quenching mechanism can serve as a potential target for developing new antimicrobials to overcome microbial pathogenesis
Summary
The use of synthetic broad-spectrum fungicides/bactericides in plant disease management results in imbalances within the microbial community and the continuous evolution of multiple bactericideresistant strains. Oryzae interacts with an unknown rice signal molecule (RSM) to activate plant virulence genes (Ferluga and Venturi, 2009) Such LuxR-like solos function as messengers of both interspecies and interkingdom signaling (Gonzalez and Venturi, 2013). Plant-influenced gene expression in the rice endophyte Burkholderia kururiensis M130 was reported (Coutinho et al, 2015) These AHL-mimicking molecules alter the QS-regulated biofilm formation of two plant microbes, Sinorhizobium fredii and Pantoea ananatis, suggesting that plants can enhance or inhibit bacterial QS systems depending on the bacterial strain (Perez-Montano et al, 2013). Plants have evolved the ability to affect bacterial AHL-QS systems given that they produce low molecular weight compounds that interfere by acting as agonists or antagonists (Adonizio et al, 2006; Degrassi et al, 2007)
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