Abstract
For the risk assessment of a satellite to determine whether the satellite tank explodes under the hypervelocity impact, the Walker–Wasley criterion is selected to predict the shock initiation of the satellite tank. Then, the minimum power density of liquid hydrazine is determined based on the tests, the expressions of shock wave pressure and pressure duration are constructed based on the one-dimensional wave theory, and the initiation criterion for the liquid hydrazine tank is established. Finally, numerical simulation and the initiation criterion are adopted to calculate the power density in the satellite tank under the debris impact at the velocity of 10 km/s. The calculated power density agrees well with the simulated power density, they are both larger than the minimum power density, demonstrating that the shock wave generated by the hypervelocity impact is sufficient to trigger an explosion in the satellite tank.
Highlights
Collisions between space debris and satellite are likely to occur given the rapid increase in space debris
The satellite tank filled with liquid hydrazine, which accounts for a large part of the total mass, is one of the most vulnerable components to debris impact
The calculated power density is larger than the TDL simulation, the reasons are as follows: the vessel is filled with 1/3 nitrogen and 2/3 liquid hydrazine the release wave is generated at the gas-liquid interface in the simulation, when the release wave meets the shock wave, the shock wave pressure decreases and the pressure duration shortens
Summary
Collisions between space debris and satellite are likely to occur given the rapid increase in space debris. Tests and numerical simulations on the projectiles impacting liquid-filled tanks at hypervelocity have been carried out. According to the test conditions, a numerical simulation was conducted using an Eulerian shock physics hydrodynamic code, CTH, to predict the vessel damage Both the test and simulation results indicated that as the impact velocity increased, the shock wave loading enhanced, and the overall damage become more serious. In test 23, a 0.0625-inch-diameter steel projectile was shot into a titanium tank filled with liquid oxygen at the velocity of 5200 feet per second. The TITANK test in which the titanium tank filled with liquid hydrazine was impacted by a cylinder projectile at the velocity of 7.5 km/s was designed based on the simulation of SIN, TDL, and Zeus hydrocodes. Tests of debris hypervelocity impact on a satellite tank will be carried out and the simulation results can provide an expected reference
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