Shift Work and Sleep Quality Among Urban Police Officers

Abstract

Research examining police use of force at micro places appears scant and largely absent from past studies is the consideration of the contextual and ecological dynamics at street segments. Context is a key factor in understanding use of force, but far less is known about whether micro-level attributes contribute to the frequency of force incidents. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential effects of street-, and neighborhood-level characteristics on the Prevalence of force incidents.The current study draws on police use of force reports data and employs multilevel negative binomial regression equations to examine the impact of place dynamics on force frequency at street segments and census tracts.The analyses show that calls for service, crime incidents, and nonresidential land uses are more significantly likely to drive variation in force frequency at street segments. The results at the level-two unit of analysis (census tracts) demonstrate that the odds of using force become significantly higher in commercial, concentrated disadvantage, and violent crime tracts.Findings emphasize the need for using street segments as a theoretical-based unit of analysis and separating which specific types of calls for service, crime, and land uses affect police use of force.