Abstract
Shefstvo, or revolutionary patronage, emerged within the Red Army under Lev Trotsky after the Russian Civil War as a relationship between a military unit and a local Soviet institution. The patron (the Soviet organization) provided material support for the troops and political and ideological leadership for the mass of peasant soldiers. Over time, the corruption inherent in material shefstvo and the economic recovery of the Soviet state changed the relationship to emphasize ideological shefstvo exclusively. By the time Trotsky was forced from the Red Army in early 1925, shefstvo had changed its direction, so that military units, by then a pillar of the regime, provided political and ideological leadership to the Soviet countryside.
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