Abstract
We tested whether the plant response to an environmental factor could be affected by the context of another factor by using shade avoidance response at different temperatures. Depleting the red light (R; λmax = 660 nm) and/or enriching the far-red light (FR; λmax = 730 nm) results in a low R:FR ratio in the environment, which induces shade avoidance response such as elongation of petioles and reduction of plant pigments. On the other hand, warmer environmental temperature is known to mimic shade avoidance response under normal light condition, suggesting a potential crosstalk between the temperature and the light quality signals. Therefore, we investigated the patterns of gene expression responses to low R:FR ratio in different temperature contexts (22°C and 26°C) through microarray analyses. Similar, yet distinct patterns between the two responses were implicated by the levels of correlation in the commonly affected MapMan bins. However, the induction levels of typical shade genes such as ATHB2, IAA29, IAA19, HFR1, YUC8, and FT were very similar at both temperatures. Moreover, petiole length, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and anthocyanins contents did not support any statistically significant interaction between the light quality and the high temperature responses despite the obvious independent effect of each signal, which suggests cumulative effects of two independent responses. Nevertheless, other types of low R: FR-responsive genes with differential expression patterns at different temperatures were identified. They are overrepresented in secondary metabolism, lipid transport, oxidative stress, jasmonic acid, ethylene, light, pathogen defense responses, and extracellular region.
Highlights
Plant development is greatly affected by environmental factors such as light, temperature, and water
To compare shade avoidance responses under different temperature contexts, we carried out a microarray gene expression study
Treatment conditions were generated by combining a temperature (22 ̊C or 26 ̊C) and a light condition
Summary
Plant development is greatly affected by environmental factors such as light, temperature, and water. Many studies so far have produced significant amount of information on the regulatory roles of those factors during plant development Among those factors, light is an important factor that affects photosynthesis and various stages of plant development from seed germination to morphogenesis and to flowering. Low R:FR ratio in the environment indicates that there is less red light available for photosynthesis due to its consumption through the photosynthesis of neighboring plants and to the reflection of far-red light which is not absorbed by those plants nearby Under this condition plants exhibit a set of reactions called shade avoidance response including elongational growth, reduction of pigments levels, and accelerated flowering [2]
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