Severity of menopausal symptoms and cardiovascular and osteoporosis risk factors

Abstract

ABSTRACTObjectives To assess whether the severity of menopausal symptoms is related to increased cardiovascular and osteoporosis risk factors, and to determine whether women with more severe menopausal symptoms present a greater percentage of osteoporosis disease.Methods This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study encompassing women aged 45–65 years in the whole Spanish territory. The study population sample was collected through random sampling. A total of 10 514 women were included. Their sociodemographic, medical history and lifestyle data were assessed by means of a survey. The Kupperman Index was used to assess the severity of menopausal symptoms. Bone mineral density was measured by the dual X-ray absorptiometry method.Results The prevalences of risk factors for osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease were 67.6% and 74.8%, respectively. Women with a higher intensity of symptoms also had a greater percentage of cardiovascular (p < 0.001) and osteoporosis (p < 0.001) risk factors and suffered more from osteoporosis disease (p < 0.001). In the logistic regression analysis, those variables that contributed to the severity of menopausal symptoms were: arterial hypertension (odds ratio (OR) 2.14; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49–2.79; p < 0.001), dyslipidemia (OR 1.94; 95% CI 1.48–2.4; p < 0.001), obesity (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.55–2.91; p < 0.001), family history (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.17–1.59; p < 0.01), medication use (OR 1.12; 95% CI 0.52–1.72; p < 0.01) and osteoporosis disease (OR 3.71; 95% CI 2.9–4.52; p < 0.001).Conclusions Women with more severe menopausal symptoms had a greater prevalence of cardiovascular and osteoporosis disease risk factors and suffered more from osteoporosis disease compared to those who had milder or no menopausal symptoms.